Ray-caster: only draw the top few fragments

This seems to increase graphics pipe use from 50--60% to 55--65%.

app-proto/inversive-display/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ console_error_panic_hook = { version = "0.1.7", optional = true }
 version = "0.3.69"
 features = [
   'HtmlCanvasElement',
+  'Performance',
   'WebGl2RenderingContext',
   'WebGlBuffer',
   'WebGlProgram',

app-proto/inversive-display/src/inversive.frag

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ vecInv sphere(vec3 center, float radius) {
 
 // construction. the SPHERE_MAX array size seems to affect frame rate a lot,
 // even though we should only be using the first few elements of each array
-const int SPHERE_MAX = 12;
+const int SPHERE_MAX = 200;
 uniform int sphere_cnt;
 uniform vecInv sphere_list[SPHERE_MAX];
 uniform vec3 color_list[SPHERE_MAX];
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ uniform vec2 radius;
 uniform float opacity;
 uniform float highlight;
 uniform int layer_threshold;
-uniform bool test_mode;
+uniform bool debug_mode;
 
 // light and camera
 const float focal_slope = 0.3;
@@ -135,36 +135,63 @@ void main() {
     vec3 dir = vec3(focal_slope * scr, -1.);
     
     // cast rays through the spheres
-    vec2 depth_pairs [SPHERE_MAX];
+    const int LAYER_MAX = 12;
-    taggedFrag frags [2*SPHERE_MAX];
+    taggedFrag frags [LAYER_MAX];
-    int frag_cnt = 0;
+    int layer_cnt = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < sphere_cnt; ++i) {
+    for (int id = 0; id < sphere_cnt; ++id) {
-        vec2 hit_depths = sphere_cast(sphere_list[i], dir);
+        // find out where the ray hits the sphere
-        if (!isnan(hit_depths[0])) {
+        vec2 hit_depths = sphere_cast(sphere_list[id], dir);
-            frags[frag_cnt] = sphere_shading(sphere_list[i], hit_depths[0] * dir, color_list[i], i);
+        
-            ++frag_cnt;
+        // insertion-sort the fragments we hit into the fragment list
-        }
+        for (int side = 0; side < 2; ++side) {
-        if (!isnan(hit_depths[1])) {
+            float hit_z = -hit_depths[side];
-            frags[frag_cnt] = sphere_shading(sphere_list[i], hit_depths[1] * dir, color_list[i], i);
+            if (0. > hit_z) {
-            ++frag_cnt;
+                for (int layer = layer_cnt; layer >= 0; --layer) {
-        }
+                    if (layer < 1 || frags[layer-1].pt.z >= hit_z) {
-    }
+                        // we're not as close to the screen as the fragment
-    
+                        // before the empty slot, so insert here
-    // sort the fragments by depth, using an insertion sort
+                        if (layer < LAYER_MAX) {
-    for (int take = 1; take < frag_cnt; ++take) {
+                            frags[layer] = sphere_shading(
-        taggedFrag pulled = frags[take];
+                                sphere_list[id],
-        for (int put = take; put >= 0; --put) {
+                                hit_depths[side] * dir,
-            if (put < 1 || frags[put-1].pt.z >= pulled.pt.z) {
+                                color_list[id],
-                frags[put] = pulled;
+                                id
-                break;
+                            );
-            } else {
+                        }
-                frags[put] = frags[put-1];
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        // we're closer to the screen than the fragment before
+                        // the empty slot, so move that fragment into the empty
+                        // slot
+                        frags[layer] = frags[layer-1];
+                    }
+                }
+                layer_cnt = min(layer_cnt + 1, LAYER_MAX);
             }
         }
     }
     
+    /* DEBUG */
+    // in debug mode, show the layer count instead of the shaded image
+    if (debug_mode) {
+        // at the bottom of the screen, show the color scale instead of the
+        // layer count
+        if (gl_FragCoord.y < 10.) layer_cnt = 2 * int(8. * gl_FragCoord.x / resolution.x);
+        
+        // convert number to color
+        vec3 color;
+        if (layer_cnt % 2 == 0) {
+            ivec3 bits = layer_cnt / ivec3(2, 4, 8);
+            color = mod(vec3(bits), 2.);
+        } else {
+            color = vec3(0.5);
+        }
+        outColor = vec4(color, 1.);
+        return;
+    }
+    
     // highlight intersections and cusps
-    for (int i = frag_cnt-1; i >= 1; --i) {
+    for (int i = layer_cnt-1; i >= 1; --i) {
         // intersections
         taggedFrag frag0 = frags[i];
         taggedFrag frag1 = frags[i-1];
@@ -187,7 +214,7 @@ void main() {
     
     // composite the sphere fragments
     vec3 color = vec3(0.);
-    for (int i = frag_cnt-1; i >= layer_threshold; --i) {
+    for (int i = layer_cnt-1; i >= layer_threshold; --i) {
         if (frags[i].pt.z < 0.) {
             vec4 frag_color = frags[i].color;
             color = mix(color, frag_color.rgb, frag_color.a);

app-proto/inversive-display/src/main.rs

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 
 extern crate js_sys;
 use core::array;
-use nalgebra::DVector;
+use nalgebra::{DMatrix, DVector};
 use sycamore::{prelude::*, motion::create_raf, rt::{JsCast, JsValue}};
-use web_sys::{console, WebGl2RenderingContext, WebGlProgram, WebGlShader, WebGlUniformLocation};
+use web_sys::{console, window, WebGl2RenderingContext, WebGlProgram, WebGlShader, WebGlUniformLocation};
 
 mod engine;
 
@@ -96,22 +96,58 @@ fn main() {
         let radius_y = create_signal(1.0);
         let opacity = create_signal(0.5);
         let highlight = create_signal(0.2);
-        let layer_threshold = create_signal(0.0);
+        let turntable = create_signal(false);
-        let debug_mode = create_signal(false);
+        let layer_threshold = create_signal(0.0); /* DEBUG */
+        let debug_mode = create_signal(false); /* DEBUG */
+        
+        /* INSTRUMENTS */
+        const SAMPLE_PERIOD: i32 = 60;
+        let mut last_sample_time = 0.0;
+        let mut frames_since_last_sample = 0;
+        let mean_frame_interval = create_signal(0.0);
         
         // display
         let display = create_node_ref();
         
+        // change listener
+        let scene_changed = create_signal(true);
+        create_effect(move || {
+            ctrl_x.track();
+            ctrl_y.track();
+            radius_x.track();
+            radius_y.track();
+            opacity.track();
+            highlight.track();
+            turntable.track();
+            layer_threshold.track();
+            debug_mode.track();
+            
+            scene_changed.set(true);
+        });
+        
         on_mount(move || {
             // list construction elements
-            const SPHERE_MAX: usize = 12;
+            const SPHERE_MAX: usize = 200;
             let mut sphere_vec = Vec::<DVector<f64>>::new();
             let color_vec = vec![
                 [1.00_f32, 0.25_f32, 0.00_f32],
                 [0.00_f32, 0.25_f32, 1.00_f32],
-                [0.25_f32, 0.00_f32, 1.00_f32]
+                [0.25_f32, 0.00_f32, 1.00_f32],
+                [0.25_f32, 1.00_f32, 0.00_f32],
+                [0.75_f32, 0.75_f32, 0.00_f32],
+                [0.00_f32, 0.75_f32, 0.50_f32],
             ];
             
+            // timing
+            let mut last_time = 0.0;
+            
+            // scene parameters
+            const TURNTABLE_SPEED: f64 = 0.5;
+            let mut turntable_angle = 0.0;
+            
+            /* INSTRUMENTS */
+            let performance = window().unwrap().performance().unwrap();
+            
             // get the display canvas
             let canvas = display
                 .get::<DomNode>()
@@ -207,60 +243,110 @@ fn main() {
             bind_vertex_attrib(&ctx, position_index, 3, &positions);
             
             // set up a repainting routine
-            let (_, start_updating_display, _) = create_raf(move || {
+            let (_, start_animation_loop, _) = create_raf(move || {
-                // update the construction
+                // get the time step
-                sphere_vec.clear();
+                let time = performance.now();
-                sphere_vec.push(engine::sphere(0.5, 0.5, -5.0 + ctrl_x.get(), radius_x.get()));
+                let time_step = 0.001*(time - last_time);
-                sphere_vec.push(engine::sphere(-0.5, -0.5, -5.0 + ctrl_y.get(), radius_y.get()));
+                last_time = time;
-                sphere_vec.push(engine::sphere(-0.5, 0.5, -5.0, 0.75));
                 
-                // set the resolution
+                // move the turntable
-                let width = canvas.width() as f32;
+                let turntable_val = turntable.get();
-                let height = canvas.height() as f32;
+                if turntable_val {
-                ctx.uniform2f(resolution_loc.as_ref(), width, height);
+                    turntable_angle += TURNTABLE_SPEED * time_step;
-                ctx.uniform1f(shortdim_loc.as_ref(), width.min(height));
-                
-                // pass the construction
-                ctx.uniform1i(sphere_cnt_loc.as_ref(), sphere_vec.len() as i32);
-                for n in 0..sphere_vec.len() {
-                    let v = &sphere_vec[n];
-                    ctx.uniform3f(
-                        sphere_sp_locs[n].as_ref(),
-                        v[0] as f32, v[1] as f32, v[2] as f32
-                    );
-                    ctx.uniform2f(
-                        sphere_lt_locs[n].as_ref(),
-                        v[3] as f32, v[4] as f32
-                    );
-                    ctx.uniform3fv_with_f32_array(
-                        color_locs[n].as_ref(),
-                        &color_vec[n]
-                    );
                 }
                 
-                // pass the control parameters
+                if scene_changed.get() {
-                ctx.uniform2f(ctrl_loc.as_ref(), ctrl_x.get() as f32, ctrl_y.get() as f32); /* DEBUG */
+                    /* INSTRUMENTS */
-                ctx.uniform2f(radius_loc.as_ref(), radius_x.get() as f32, radius_y.get() as f32); /* DEBUG */
+                    // measure mean frame interval
-                ctx.uniform1f(opacity_loc.as_ref(), opacity.get() as f32);
+                    frames_since_last_sample += 1;
-                ctx.uniform1f(highlight_loc.as_ref(), highlight.get() as f32);
+                    if frames_since_last_sample >= SAMPLE_PERIOD {
-                ctx.uniform1i(layer_threshold_loc.as_ref(), layer_threshold.get() as i32);
+                        mean_frame_interval.set((time - last_sample_time) / (SAMPLE_PERIOD as f64));
-                ctx.uniform1i(debug_mode_loc.as_ref(), debug_mode.get() as i32);
+                        last_sample_time = time;
-                
+                        frames_since_last_sample = 0;
-                // draw the scene
+                    }
-                ctx.draw_arrays(WebGl2RenderingContext::TRIANGLES, 0, VERTEX_CNT as i32);
+                    
+                    // set the orientation and translation
+                    let orientation = {
+                        let ang_cos = turntable_angle.cos();
+                        let ang_sin = turntable_angle.sin();
+                        DMatrix::from_column_slice(5, 5, &[
+                             ang_cos, 0.0, ang_sin, 0.0, 0.0,
+                                 0.0, 1.0,     0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
+                            -ang_sin, 0.0, ang_cos, 0.0, 0.0,
+                                 0.0, 0.0,     0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
+                                 0.0, 0.0,     0.0, 0.0, 1.0
+                        ])
+                    };
+                    let translation = {
+                        const LEN: f64 = -5.0;
+                        const LEN_SQ: f64 = LEN*LEN;
+                        DMatrix::from_column_slice(5, 5, &[
+                            1.0, 0.0,     0.0, 0.0,    0.0,
+                            0.0, 1.0,     0.0, 0.0,    0.0,
+                            0.0, 0.0,     1.0, 0.0,    LEN,
+                            0.0, 0.0, 2.0*LEN, 1.0, LEN_SQ,
+                            0.0, 0.0,     0.0, 0.0,    1.0
+                        ])
+                    };
+                    let construction_to_world = &translation * orientation;
+                    
+                    // update the construction
+                    sphere_vec.clear();
+                    sphere_vec.push(&construction_to_world * engine::sphere(0.5, 0.5, ctrl_x.get(), radius_x.get()));
+                    sphere_vec.push(&construction_to_world * engine::sphere(-0.5, -0.5, ctrl_y.get(), radius_y.get()));
+                    sphere_vec.push(&construction_to_world * engine::sphere(-0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.75));
+                    sphere_vec.push(&construction_to_world * engine::sphere(0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 0.5));
+                    sphere_vec.push(&construction_to_world * engine::sphere(0.0, 0.15, 1.0, 0.25));
+                    sphere_vec.push(&construction_to_world * engine::sphere(0.0, -0.15, -1.0, 0.25));
+                    
+                    // set the resolution
+                    let width = canvas.width() as f32;
+                    let height = canvas.height() as f32;
+                    ctx.uniform2f(resolution_loc.as_ref(), width, height);
+                    ctx.uniform1f(shortdim_loc.as_ref(), width.min(height));
+                    
+                    // pass the construction
+                    ctx.uniform1i(sphere_cnt_loc.as_ref(), sphere_vec.len() as i32);
+                    for n in 0..sphere_vec.len() {
+                        let v = &sphere_vec[n];
+                        ctx.uniform3f(
+                            sphere_sp_locs[n].as_ref(),
+                            v[0] as f32, v[1] as f32, v[2] as f32
+                        );
+                        ctx.uniform2f(
+                            sphere_lt_locs[n].as_ref(),
+                            v[3] as f32, v[4] as f32
+                        );
+                        ctx.uniform3fv_with_f32_array(
+                            color_locs[n].as_ref(),
+                            &color_vec[n]
+                        );
+                    }
+                    
+                    // pass the control parameters
+                    ctx.uniform2f(ctrl_loc.as_ref(), ctrl_x.get() as f32, ctrl_y.get() as f32); /* DEBUG */
+                    ctx.uniform2f(radius_loc.as_ref(), radius_x.get() as f32, radius_y.get() as f32); /* DEBUG */
+                    ctx.uniform1f(opacity_loc.as_ref(), opacity.get() as f32);
+                    ctx.uniform1f(highlight_loc.as_ref(), highlight.get() as f32);
+                    ctx.uniform1i(layer_threshold_loc.as_ref(), layer_threshold.get() as i32);
+                    ctx.uniform1i(debug_mode_loc.as_ref(), debug_mode.get() as i32);
+                    
+                    // draw the scene
+                    ctx.draw_arrays(WebGl2RenderingContext::TRIANGLES, 0, VERTEX_CNT as i32);
+                    
+                    // clear scene change flag
+                    scene_changed.set(turntable_val);
+                } else {
+                    frames_since_last_sample = 0;
+                    mean_frame_interval.set(-1.0);
+                }
             });
-            
+            start_animation_loop();
-            /*
-            this wastes CPU time by running an animation loop, which updates the
-            display even when nothing has changed. there should be a way to make
-            Sycamore do single-frame updates in response to changes, but i
-            haven't found it yet
-            */
-            start_updating_display();
         });
         
         view! {
             div(id="app") {
+                div { "Mean frame interval: " (mean_frame_interval.get()) " ms" }
                 canvas(ref=display, width="600", height="600")
                 div(class="control") {
                     label(for="ctrl-x") { "Sphere 0 depth" }
@@ -326,6 +412,14 @@ fn main() {
                         bind:valueAsNumber=highlight
                     )
                 }
+                div(class="control") {
+                    label(for="turntable") { "Turntable" }
+                    input(
+                        type="checkbox",
+                        id="turntable",
+                        bind:checked=turntable
+                    )
+                }
                 div(class="control") {
                     label(for="layer-threshold") { "Layer threshold" }
                     input(