teapot-spreadsheet/doc/teapot.lyx

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\pdf_title "Teapot User Guide"
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\begin_layout Title
Teapot User Guide
\end_layout

\begin_layout Author
Michael Haardt, Jörg Walter, Glen Whitney
\end_layout

\begin_layout Date
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name " http://www.syntax-k.de/projekte/teapot"
target "http://www.syntax-k.de/projekte/teapot"
literal "false"

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\begin_inset CommandInset href
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name "https://code.studioinfinity.org/glen/teapot-spreadsheet"
target "https://code.studioinfinity.org/glen/teapot-spreadsheet"
literal "false"

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\begin_layout Abstract
For ages, spreadsheet programs have been closely associated with financial
 calculations done by typical end-users.
 But time has shown that there is also hacker's work which can be done with
 them, like calculate monitor timings for various resolutions, or produce
 convincing time statistics which justify the lack of documentation or the
 need for a budget increase to your employer.
 The first part of this user guide explains how the various functions of
 teapot are used, whereas the second part gives an introduction to spreadsheets
 and explains the expression evaluator and its functions.
\end_layout

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\begin_inset CommandInset toc
LatexCommand tableofcontents

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Copyright, Contributors and License
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\noun on
teapot
\noun default
 (Table Editor And Planner, Or: Teapot), is copyrighted 1995–2006 by Michael
 Haardt, and 2009–2010 by Jörg Walter, and 2019 by Glen Whitney, and is
 licensed under the Gnu General Public License v3 or later.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The implementation of clocked expressions is modelled after the description
 of clocked evaluation in the PhD work of Jörg Wittenberger at the University
 of Technology in Dresden, Germany.
 The trigonometric functions were inspired by Koniorczyk Mátyás.
 The context output format was contributed by Marko Schuetz.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The (currently unused) message catalogs were contributed by Guido Müsch,
 Wim van Dorst, and Volodymyr M.
 Lisivka.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
 Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
 any later version.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License v3 along
 with this program.
 If not, see <
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"
literal "false"

\end_inset

>.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Introduction to Spreadsheets
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
General Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A spreadsheet consists of cells formed by rows and columns.
 Additionally, in many spreadsheets you have a third dimension, which you
 can imagine as various layers laying on top of each other.
 The third dimension allows you to hide intermediate results, calculate
 additional results you do not want to appear in the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

official
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 tables, keep information per time period (like 12 layers for each month
 in a year) while allowing you to make calculations over the entire time
 interval and much more.
 Figure 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "fig:Three-Dimensional-Spread-Sheet"

\end_inset

 shows the three dimensions:
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Three-Dimensional Spread Sheet Layout
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\begin_layout Standard
You can think of cells as variables, which value is the value of an associated
 expression.
 The expression may be constant, like 1.23, or it may be a function of other
 cell values.
 The advantage compared to a programmable calculator is that if you change
 a number, you directly see all changes in other cells caused by that.
 Often this allows you to get a feeling how much you may change basic sizes
 with still getting satisfying results without having to solve the problem
 analytically.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Spreadsheets offer many editing functions in order to modify, clear, copy
 and move cells or blocks of cells.
 Besides the usual mathematical functions, there are functions which work
 on blocks of cells, like calculating the sum of a block or counting all
 non-empty elements.
 Further there are functions working on character strings, because most
 likely you also want text besides numbers.
 The next section will introduce you to some of these by examples.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
teapot is a traditional spreadsheet and a typical UNIX program, because
 it does just one thing: Calculations.
 It does not include any graphics functions and never will, but it allows
 to export data in many formats, so you can use your favourite graphics
 software.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
The First Steps
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Now that you have an idea what teapot is about, it is probably a good time
 to take your first steps with it.
 This section will show you how to create and save a sheet which contains
 two numbers and their sum.
 Start the program without any arguments
\begin_inset Foot
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If you are using the graphical version of teapot, please see section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand vref
reference "subsec:Differences-Between-User"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

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: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
teapot
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You see an empty sheet with the cell cursor being at the upper left corner.
 Further, the status line tells you that this cell is really empty:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
E @(0,0,0)=
\family default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The 
\family typewriter
E
\family default
 means that you can edit the sheet.
 A 
\family typewriter
V
\family default
 would mean that you could only view its contents.
 The meaning of 
\family typewriter
@()
\family default
 will be explained soon.
 You are now in the command mode of teapot.
 Press the 
\series bold
Enter
\series default
 key to edit this cell.
 A complete list of command mode functions will be given later.
 A prompt will appear below the status line: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
Cell contents:
\family default
 
\series bold
1
\series default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Now the cell at position 0,0,0 has the integer constant 1.
 The status line shows you the cell contents, whereas in the sheet you see
 its value.
 Since constants are identical with their values, both are 1.
 Now move the cell cursor down one row and edit that cell, giving it the
 integer constant 
\family typewriter
41
\family default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Now that you have two numbers, move the cell cursor to cell 0,2,0 and give
 that cell the following contents:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
Cell contents:
\family default
 
\series bold
@(0,0,0)+@(0,1,0)
\series default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you were confused about the difference between contents and value of
 a cell, it should become more clear now: The status line shows the contents,
 which is the arithmetic expression to calculate the sum of two cells, whereas
 in the sheet you see the value of that expression: 42, which was to be
 expected.
 
\family typewriter
@(
\family default
\shape italic
x
\family typewriter
\shape default
,
\family default
\shape italic
y
\family typewriter
\shape default
,
\family default
\shape italic
z
\family typewriter
\shape default
)
\family default
 is a function which takes three coordinates and returns the value of the
 cell at the given position.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As you can see, the arithmetic expression is not too readable.
 If you would move cells around, it would not even work any more.
 For these reasons, you can use symbolic names instead of coordinates, called
 labels.
 When used in an expression, a label is like a pointer to a cell, its data
 type is 
\emph on
location
\emph default
.
 Move to cell 0,0,0 and use 
\series bold
/
\series default
 (slash) in command mode to get into the main menu.
 Depending on your screen size, you may not see all of it.
 In this case, move the highlighted block right (or left) to scroll through
 it and to see all items.
 Now change its label attribute: A)ttributes, L)abel:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
Cell label:
\family default
 
\series bold
Paper
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Then go one cell down and change its label to 
\series bold
Tapes
\series default
.
 After, move again one cell down and change the expression to: 
\end_layout

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\family typewriter
Cell contents:
\family default
 
\series bold
@(Paper)+@(Tapes)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As you see, you can call the function 
\family typewriter
@
\family default
 with three integer values or with one location value.
 Now the expression is more understandable, at least to you.
 To someone else, the sheet only contained three numbers, so a little text
 should be added.
 To accomplish that, a new column needs to be inserted: B)lock, I)insert,
 C)olumn, W)hole column.
 The last menu item means that you want to insert a whole new column, not
 only a partial column.
 If you move the cursor around, you will see that everything is still fine,
 because you used labels.
 Go to cell 0,0,0 and edit it:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
Cell contents:
\family default
 
\series bold
"Paper:"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This is how you enter strings.
 A string is a data type on its own, don't confuse this with labels.
 If you feel like it, leave the quotes and the colon away, and you will
 see the difference, because the result will not be a string, but the value
 of the label 
\family typewriter
Paper
\family default
, which is 
\family typewriter
&(1,0,0)
\family default
.
 Now change the cells below to 
\series bold
"Tapes:"
\series default
 and 
\series bold
"Result:"
\series default
.
 This is something that is understandable to others, too.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
As the last step, save your work sheet to a file: F)ile, S)ave.
 The native file format is XDR, so choose that.
 Up to now, your sheet does not have a name, so you will be prompted for
 one:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
New file name:
\family default
 
\series bold
firststep
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Unless you see an error message after, your sheet is written to a file.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you have come this far, quit (from the main menu) and you have successfully
 completed your first steps on using teapot.
 Now you know cells, the difference between contents and values, you learned
 that labels are a good thing and you can do simple cell modifications as
 well as saving your work.
 This is enough for most applications.
 If the capabilities described in the next section confuse you, then it
 is unlikely that you need them really.
 Just skip that section and don't worry about it.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You may wonder what happens if you have circular dependencies, i.e.
 you have a cell which evaluates to its own value plus one.
 Well, the answer is that it depends on the order in which you create this
 cell.
 If you first give it the value 1 and after edit it to contain the expression
 which refers to itself plus 1, then you will find that each recalculation,
 like after editing other cells, will increase the value.
 While this may be funny, it is certainly not useful as you can not reset
 the cell and you have little control of its development.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
What you really want is a base value and an iterative expression along with
 a way to control the recalculations.
 teapot supports this by allowing two expressions per cell.
 The expressions you have used so far are the ones which evaluate to the
 base values.
 Each time you edit a cell, the whole sheet will be reset, which means that
 all results are recalculated using the base values.
 After, you can clock the sheet, which is why the iterative part is also
 called clocked expression.
 A clock is an atomic operation, which means that all cell results will
 be recalculated in a way that the new result will only show after the entire
 recalculation.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
An examples will demonstrate how to make use of this feature.
 The notation 
\shape italic
x
\shape default
 -> 
\shape italic
y
\shape default
 means that 
\shape italic
x
\shape default
 is the base expression and 
\shape italic
y
\shape default
 is the clocked expression.
 Don't let this confuse you, as both are entered separately: teapot does
 not have an -> operator, but it displays the cell contents this way for
 increased overview.
 So, give the cell a base expression of 
\family typewriter
1
\family default
 and a clocked expression of 
\family typewriter
@(0,0,0)+1
\family default
 (using 
\series bold
ESC-Enter
\series default
 or 
\series bold
Meta-Enter
\series default
) and you will see:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
@(0,0,0)=1 -> @(0,0,0)+1
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The sheet is currently in reset condition and the result is 1.
 Now clock it and you will see how the value increases.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
After this introductory chapter, you should be familiar with the basic concepts
 in spread sheets.
 The next chapters explain all functions available in detail.
 You should read them to get an overview of the possibilities offered by
 teapot.
 Finally, we will come back to using teapot by showing some common problems
 and their solutions.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Differences-Between-User"

\end_inset

Differences Between User Interfaces
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\noun on
teapot
\noun default
 comes in two flavours: A mouse-and-keyboard operated graphical application
 and a traditional console-based program.
 Large parts of this manual were written when the GUI version didn't exist,
 so there may be occasional inconsistencies.
 Note that the executable name for the graphical version of teapot is typically
 
\family typewriter
fteapot
\family default
, so to follow the tutorial above with the GUI version, start with that
 command instead of 
\family typewriter
teapot
\family default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Most notably, a few key bindings don't exist.
 If something doesn't work as described in here, refer to the pull-down
 menus, where all functionality can be found.
 In addition to the common keys, the GUI variant has extended mouse and
 keyboard bindings that work similarly to other GUI applications.
 The table in the following section attempts to summarize all bindings from
 both variants.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Command Mode
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Right after starting teapot, you are in the command mode.
 Many functions from the command mode are also available from menus, but
 using keys is faster and some things, like moving the cell cursor, are
 only available through keys.
 Tables 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand vref
reference "tab:Key-Bindings-in"

\end_inset

 through 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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reference "tab:Key-Bindings-in-2"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset

 list all available key bindings
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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reference "subsec:Differences-Between-User"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_inset

.
 If a binding is only available in the console variant, it is enclosed in
 square brackets; if the binding only works in the graphical variant, it
 is in curly braces (the mnemonic for this notation is that square brackets
 are 
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plain
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fancy
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
Begin/Home
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-A]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
To column 0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
End
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-E]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
To last column
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Ctrl-Home} {Ctrl-PageUp}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[<]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
To row 0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Ctrl-End} {Ctrl-PageDown}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[>]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
To last row
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Shift-Home}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[_ (Underscore)]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
To Layer 0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Shift-End}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[*]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
To last layer
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-X >]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Jump one page right
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-X >]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Jump one page left
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PageDown {Ctrl-Down}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-V]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Jump one page down
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
PageUp {Ctrl-Up}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Meta-V]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Jump one page up
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Ctrl-G}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Go to arbitrary location
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption Standard

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "tab:Key-Bindings-in"

\end_inset

Cursor Motion Key Bindings in Command Mode
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement !tbh
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="14" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="5cm">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Program Control
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Function Key
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ASCII Key
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Function
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
F10
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[/]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Main menu
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
F3
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-X Ctrl-S] {Ctrl-S}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Save sheet
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Ctrl-Shift-S}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Save sheet as...
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Esc z]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Save sheet and quit
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
F2
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-X Ctrl-R] {Ctrl-O}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Load sheet
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-F}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Activate File menu
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-V}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Activate View menu
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-O}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Activate fOrmat menu
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-H}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Activate Help menu
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Ctrl-L
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Redraw screen
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-C] [Ctrl-G] {Esc}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Abort current action
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Cancel
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-X Ctrl-C] {Ctrl-Q}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Quit
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption Standard

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "tab:Key-Bindings-in-1"

\end_inset

Program Control Key Bindings in Command Mode
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement !tbh
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="26" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="5cm">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Modify Cells/Blocks
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Function Key
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ASCII Key
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Function
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Enter
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-J] [Ctrl-M]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Edit cell contents
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Backspace
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-H]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Edit cell and delete last character
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

, @, 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
, 
\emph on
letter
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Overwrite cell contents
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Meta-Enter
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Esc Ctrl-J] [Esc Ctrl-M]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Edit clocked cell contents
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.
 (Period)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Start/End Mark block (see text)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Shift-Right} {Shift-Left}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Shift-Down} {Shift-Up}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Start Mark and Move
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Ctrl-Insert}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Ctrl-C}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Copy cell/text/block; End Mark
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Shift-Delete}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Ctrl-X}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Designate block for moving; End Mark
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Shift-Insert}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-Y] {Ctrl-V}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Paste/move block
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Delete}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Clear block
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-A}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Set cell label
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-B}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Toggle cell/block bold
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-U}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Toggle cell/block underlined
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-L}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Make cell/block left justified
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-C}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Make cell/block centered
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-R}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Make cell/block right justified
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-P}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Set cell/block precision
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-W}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Set column width
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-S}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Set cell/block scientific notation
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-E}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Toggle cell/block shadowed
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-T}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Toggle cell/block transparent
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Meta-I}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Toggle cell/block ignored
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Ctrl-R
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Reset sheet
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
F9, {Shift-Tab}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-S]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Clock sheet
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption Standard

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "tab:Key-Bindings-in-2"

\end_inset

Key Bindings that Modify Cells in Command Mode
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
One command-mode key in particular needs additional explanation.
 The .
 (Period) marks blocks: The first time it is pressed marks the beginning
 of a block, which is then extended by moving the cell cursor.
 The next time, it marks the end of the block which lets you move the cell
 cursor after without changing the block.
 The third time, it removes the block marks again.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
The Line Editor
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Many functions in teapot require editing a line of text, e.g.
 editing cell contents, typing file names and the line.
 Similar to the command mode, all things can be reached by control codes
 and most by function keys.
 Table 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand vref
reference "tab:Key-Bindings-forLineEditor"

\end_inset

 lists all available key bindings, again with brackets for those keys that
 only work in the console variant and curly braces for the graphical variant.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
wide false
sideways false
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="16" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Function Key
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
ASCII Key
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Function
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Previous Character/Left Arrow
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-B]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Move cursor left
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Next Character/Right Arrow
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-F]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Move cursor right
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Begin/Home
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-A]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Move cursor to column 0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
End
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-E]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Move cursor to last column
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Enter
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-J] [Ctrl-M]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Finish editing/accept line
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Ctrl-L
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Redraw screen
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-T]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Transpose characters
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-
\backslash
]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Go to matching paren
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Cancel [Up Arrow] {Esc}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-G] [Ctrl-C]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Abort editing
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Backspace
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-H]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Delete previous character
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-K]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Delete rest of line
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Delete
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-?] [Ctrl-D]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Delete current character
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Tab]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
File name completion
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Insert
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Toggle insert mode
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
{Tab}
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
[Ctrl-O]
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Toggle motion in sheet (see text)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption Standard

\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "tab:Key-Bindings-forLineEditor"

\end_inset

Key Bindings for the line editor
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Besides the regular line editor functions, you may use Ctrl-O (Tab in the
 GUI version) to temporarily leave the editor in order to move around in
 the sheet if you are editing cell contents.
 Another Ctrl-O (resp.
 Tab) brings you back to the line editor.
 While moving around in the sheet, you can insert the value (v) or position
 (p) at the cursor position in the edited cell.
 Clicking on a cell while editing has the same effect as moving to that
 cell and pressing (p).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Aborting line editing means that you will return immediately to command
 mode; whatever you started doing will have no effect.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Interactive Functions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Most actions are available through the menu.
 Most of these will be applied to all cells within a block if a block of
 cells is marked.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Cell-Attributes"

\end_inset

Cell Attributes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Cells can have several attributes: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
A cell label, which is useful because it avoids the need to directly address
 cells by their position.
 A cell label must be different from function names.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The cell adjustment, which determines if the cell value is printed left
 adjusted, right adjusted or centered.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Text attributes, such as bold or underlined.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
The precision for the output of floating point values.
 The default is 2 digits after the dot.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Whether floating point numbers should be printed in scientific notation
 (0.123e1) or as decimal number (1.23).
 It only affects the output, if the cell value is a floating point number.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Whether the cell is shadowed by its left neighbour.
 This means that the left neighbour cell additionally uses the room of the
 shadowed cell.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Whether the cell is ignored.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Whether the cell is locked, which prevents accidental edits or clearing
 of the cell.
 Note that block operations override this attribute, because when you deal
 with blocks, you usually know what you are doing.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
Whether the cell is 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

transparent
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 or not, which means whether special characters for e.g.
 roff and \SpecialChar LaTeX
 should be quoted (default) or not.
 Not quoting them allows special effects (if you know roff or \SpecialChar LaTeX
), but is
 of course not portable.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In addition, each column has a width.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Precision
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The precision only changes what is printed, teapot always uses the maximum
 precision for calculations.
 It also only affects the output if the cell value is a floating point number.
 Entering an empty precision means to set it to the default value.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Exponential / Decimal
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Forces exponential notation for numbers in a cell.
 Decimal mode will prefer plain decimal numbers unless the result is very
 big or very small.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Adjustment
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Cells contents can be aligned to the left, right or centered.
 By default, text is left adjusted and numbers are right adjusted.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Text attributes
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
These attributes determine how the value of the cell should be displayed,
 in terms of characteristics of the displayed text.
 Currently, bold and underlined attributes are implemented, which may be
 applied independently.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Label
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This function lets you edit the cell label of the current cell.
 Further it changes all occurences of it in the cell contents to the new
 value, unless you erased the cell label.
 If a block has been marked by the time you edit the cell label, all occurences
 of the label in contents of cells in that block will be changed.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Lock
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can lock cells to protect them from accidental editing.
 Note that this protects you from modifying single cells.
 If you modify a block of cells which contains locked cells, those will
 be modified as well.
 This has been done because when using block commands, you usually know
 what you are doing.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Ignore
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Ignored cells will be completely ignored.
 They appear as empty cells on screen and during calculations.
 This is useful for temporarily disabling parts of your calculation, as
 the former content reappears when the ignore is removed again.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Transparent
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Usually, values are quoted as needed so that you get the exact same output
 as on screen.
 Transparent cells will be exported as-is into display-oriented file formats
 (\SpecialChar LaTeX
, etc.) so that you can embed commands for subsequent processing in cell
 values.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Shadow
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Shadowed cells are effectively nonexistant.
 Instead, their left neighbour cell extends into the shadowed cell, so that
 longer text can be displayed.
 You may think of shadowing as a way to get multi-column cells.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Column Width
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The column width only affects the screen display, not the formatting of
 the final output (except formatted text files).
 It is intended to let you make better usage of the screen for more overview.
 If the width is too small to display the cell value, a placeholder will
 be displayed.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Block Functions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Copy/Move
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To copy a block of cells, mark it, then move the cell cursor to where the
 upper left corner of the copy should be and issue the copy command.
 Moving works similar, just use the move command.
 Of course you can mark three-dimensional blocks and copy them anywhere
 in the three-dimensional sheet, but doing so requires a good three-dimensional
 imagination to get what you want.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Fill
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To fill a block of cells, first mark a the block it should be filled with.
 This may be just one cell! Then move the cell cursor to where the upper
 left corner of the block to be filled should be and issue the fill command.
 You will be prompted for how often the marked block should be repeated
 in each dimension.
 For example, you may to repeat a cell 9 times below.
 Mark it, then move down one row.
 Issue the fill command and answer 1 to the number of column repetitions,
 9 to rows and 1 to layers.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Clear
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Clearing means to delete the cell contents and set all attributes to the
 default value.
 If you want to preserve the attributes, just edit the contents of a cell
 and delete them.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Insert
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Since work sheets can be three-dimensional, you can insert cells in all
 three dimensions, too.
 The inserted cells will be empty and their attributes have the default
 values.
 Cells will always be moved away from the front upper left corner to make
 room for the inserted cells.
 If no block is marked, you will be asked if you really only want to insert
 a cell of if you want to insert a whole row, line or sheet.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Delete
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Deleting works contrary to inserting.
 The deleted cells will be filled by moving neighbour cells to their positions.
 You will be prompted for the direction from where those cells will be taken.
 Deleting an entire column column-wise is done by marking the column, use
 the delete command and chose X direction.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Sort"

\end_inset

Sort
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Marked blocks of cells can be sorted after one or multiple keys, either
 column-wise, row-wise or depth-wise.
 Sorting a two dimensional block row-wise will sort lines, but if a three
 dimensional block is sorted row-wise, then horizontal layers will be sorted.
 The sort key is specified as vector which is orthogonal to the sorted elements,
 either in ascending or descending order.
 The following example illustrates the sort function.
 The upper left part of the screen should look like this:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
one
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
2
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
two
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
2
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
3
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
three
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
3
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
four
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The box shows you which block to mark.
 Now this block should be sorted row-wise, with the sort key being the numbers
 in descending order, i.e.
 we want the lines being numbered 4,3,2,1.
 Go to the block menu, then select sort.
 Use 
\family typewriter
R)ow
\family default
, because that is how we want to sort this block.
 The X position of the sort key vector is 0, because the column 0 contains
 the numbers.
 The Z position is 0, too, because those numbers are on sheet 0.
 Now chose 
\family typewriter
D)escending
\family default
 as direction.
 At this point, you could add a secondary key or decide to sort the block
 by the keys entered so far.
 Use 
\family typewriter
S)ort region
\family default
 to sort it.
 That's it, the screen should look like this now:
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
4
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
four
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
3
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
three
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
2
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
2
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
two
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
3
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
one
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Mirror
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Mirroring a marked block of cells can be done in three directions: Left/right,
 upside/down and front/back.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Saving and Loading
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
File names
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Usually, you want to overwrite the loaded file.
 For this reason, the loaded file name is remembered.
 If the sheet doesn't have a file name, like after starting an empty sheet,
 you will be asked for a name when saving.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Occasionally, you may want to rename a sheet, like before making critical
 changes or when you load an existing sheet to have a start for making a
 new one.
 The Save As function allows you to save the file under a new name.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
File Formats
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
XDR (.tp)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
XDR (eXternal Data Representation) is a standard invented by Sun Microsystems
 which defines a canonical way of storing/transporting data on external
 media.
 Its advantage is that it is widely available and that it defines a portable
 floating point number format.
 The native teapot file format uses XDR so it is portable across different
 machine architectures and operating systems.
 The advantage of this over the portable ASCII format is that due to the
 (usually) missing conversion calculations any floating point constants
 will be saved/loaded exactly without conversion errors.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
ASCII (.tpa)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The ASCII file format allows easy generation/modification of saved sheets
 by shell scripts.
 Due to binary/ASCII conversion, there may be conversion errors in floating
 point constants.
 The default extension is 
\family typewriter
.
\family default
tpa.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
CSV (.csv)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CSV (comma seperated value) files only contain the data, not the expressions
 calculating it.
 Many spread sheets can generate this file format and many graphics programs
 like gnuplot(1) can read it.
 The field separator usually is a tab or comma, strings may be enclosed
 in double quotes and decimal numbers have a dot to mark the fractional
 part.
 One popular variation uses semicolons for separating fields and a decimal
 comma instead of a decimal point, which teapot tries to autodetect.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
On load, strings without quotes and with a 
\emph on
0x
\emph default
 prefix followed by hexadecimal digits will be converted to integers.
 When loading CSV files, the sheet will not be cleared and the data will
 be load relative to the current cursor position.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
SC SpreadsheetCalculator (.sc)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
teapot can load simple SC sheets to convert them to teapot's native format.
 While loading, teapot converts all references to absolute cell positions
 to labels.
 This allows to insert and delete in such sheets without screwing the whole
 sheet up.
 teapot can not save sheets in SC format, because SC lacks many features.
 For now, only the most basic SC features are supported.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Lotus 1-2-3 (.wk1)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
teapot can load simple WK1 sheets to convert them to teapot's native format.
 By default, 1-2-3 cell references are relative, so don't be surprised by
 a big amount of relative references in the resulting teapot sheet.
 For now, only the most basic 1-2-3 features are supported.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Formatted ASCII (.txt)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The generated formatted ASCII files contain about what you see on the screen.
 If your sheet has more than one layer, then the various layers will be
 saved separated by form feeds.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Troff tbl (.tbl)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
teapot can generate tbl(1) table bodies in single files which are supposed
 to be used like this:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
.TS
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family default
\shape italic
options
\family typewriter
\shape default
;
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

.so
\family default
 
\shape italic
filename
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\family typewriter
\shape default
.TE
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You will have to use soelim(1) to eliminate the 
\family typewriter
.so
\family default
 requests before the tbl run.
 The 
\shape italic
options
\family typewriter
\shape default
;
\family default
 are optional.
 If you use GNU roff, you will need to eliminate 
\family typewriter
.lf
\family default
 requests, because this GNU roff extension confuses GNU tbl:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
soelim
\family default
 
\shape italic
file
\shape default
 
\family typewriter
| grep -v '^
\backslash
.lf'
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Alternatively, you can generate a stand-alone document, which needs no further
 operations to format and print.
 Note: If no block is marked, the whole sheet will be saved.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
\SpecialChar LaTeX
 (.latex)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you generate \SpecialChar LaTeX2e
 tables in single files, you include them in documents using
 the 
\family typewriter

\backslash
include
\family default
 command.
 Alternatively, you can generate a stand-alone document, which needs no
 further operations to format and print.
 Note: If no block is marked, the whole sheet will be saved.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Con\SpecialChar TeX
t (.tex)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Analogous to \SpecialChar LaTeX
 output, this generates input suitable to the Con\SpecialChar TeX
t macro package.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
HTML (.html)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You can generate html table bodies in single files which could be used in
 combination with server-side includes.
 This feature differs between the various servers, so refer to the manual
 for your web server for details, please.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Alternatively, you can generate a stand-alone document.
 Note: If no block is marked, the whole sheet will be saved.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Other Functions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Goto Location
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes, you directly want to go to a specific position, either to change
 its contents to see which cell a location expression refers to.
 This function lets you enter an expression, which must evaluate to a value
 of the type location.
 If so, the cursor is positioned to that location.
 For example, you could enter 
\family typewriter
&(10,2)
\family default
 to go to cell 10,2 of the current layer or you could enter the name of
 a label you want to go to.
 Relative movements are no problem, either.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Shell
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Start a sub shell.
 Exiting from that sub shell will bring you back into teapot.
 This function does not exist in the GUI version.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Version
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
teapot will display its version number and copyright statement.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsubsection
Help
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If teapot was built with the integrated help viewer, you can access this
 manual from within teapot itself.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Batch functions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Besides interactive facilities, teapot has a batch mode.
 Using this batch mode, shell scripts can generate output from teapot sheets.
 This is handy if you use make(1) to generate a bigger document containing
 tables, because you don't have to generate a tbl or \SpecialChar LaTeX
 file each time you
 modified a sheet: make will do so.
 In batch mode, teapot reads batch commands from standard input.
 The following commands are available: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
goto
\family default
\shape italic

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

location
\series default
\shape default
 Go to the specified 
\shape italic
location
\shape default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
from
\family default
\shape italic

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

location
\series default
\shape default
 Start marking a block.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
to
\family default
\shape italic

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

location
\series default
\shape default
 End marking a block.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
sort-x
\family default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

d|a
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

z
\emph default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

[
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

d|a
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

z
\emph default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

...
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
sort-
\family default
y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

d|a
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

z
\emph default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

[
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

d|a
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

z
\emph default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

...
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

]
\series default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
sort-
\family default
z
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

d|a
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\emph default
y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

[
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

d|a
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\emph default
y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

...
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

]
\series default
 Sorts the marked block as described in section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand vref
reference "subsec:Sort"

\end_inset

, column-wise, row-wise or depth-wise, respectivly.
 "d" or "a" specify the sort order to be descending or ascending.
 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
z
\emph default
 specify the position of the sort key 
\family typewriter
relative
\family default
 to the first cell of the marked block.
 Up to eight sort keys can be specified.
 This example reproduces the result from section 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Sort"

\end_inset

: 
\begin_inset Separator latexpar
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Quote

\family typewriter
echo "
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

from &(1,1,0)
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

to &(2,4,0)
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

sort-y d 0 0
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

save-csv result_num.txt
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

" | teapot -b doc/unsorted 
\end_layout

\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
save-tbl
\family default
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

file
\series default
\emph default
  
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
save-csv
\family default
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

file
\series default
\emph default
  
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
save-latex
\family default
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

file
\series default
\emph default
  
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
save-context
\family default
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

file
\series default
\emph default
  
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
save-html
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\family default
\emph on
file
\series default
\emph default
  Save the marked block in the specified format as 
\emph on
file
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
load-csv
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\family default
\emph on
file
\series default
\emph default
 Load 
\emph on
file
\emph default
 in the specified format to the last 
\family typewriter
goto
\family default
 location.
 This is the same functionality as the interactive load described in subsection
 
\emph on
5.12.4
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Expressions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Cells consist of a base (reset) expression, a clocked expression, and a
 current value.
 If the sheet is currently in the reset state (the default), all cells display
 their base value as current value.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When the sheet is clocked (see Table 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "tab:Key-Bindings-in"

\end_inset

), the clocked expression is evaluated, using the current value of referenced
 cells.
 The new current value is the result of that evaluation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Data Types
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In teapot, each value has an associated data type.
 The following data types exist: 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Empty Empty cells have 0, 0.0 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 as value, depending on context.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
String A string is a sequence of characters enclosed by double quotes: 
\family typewriter
"This is a string"
\family default
.
 A double quote can be part of the string, if it is quoted using a backslash:
 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\backslash

\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
 If you want the backslash to appear in the output instead of quoting the
 next character, use it to quote itself: 
\family typewriter

\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset


\backslash

\backslash

\family default

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Floating
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

Point Floating point values are inexact, their precision and range depends
 on the implementation of the C type double on your system.
 An example is: 
\family typewriter
42.0
\family default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Integer Integer values are exact, their range depends on the C type long
 on your system.
 An example is: 
\family typewriter
42
\family default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Location Cell labels and the 
\family typewriter
&()
\family default
 function have this type, but there are no location constant literals.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
Error Syntactical or semantical (type mismatch) errors cause this value,
 as well as division by 0 and the function 
\family typewriter
error()
\family default
.
 An error always has an assigned error message.
 Functions and operators, when applied to a value of the type error, evaluate
 to just that value.
 That way, the first error which was found deep inside a complicated expression
 will be shown.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Operators
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Unlike other spread sheets, the operators in teapot check the type of the
 values they are applied to, which means the try to add a string to a floating
 point number will result in an type error.
 Operators on locations in the spreadsheet, which are just triples of integers,
 generally operate following typical rules for vectors, with particular
 notes below.
 The following operators are available, listed in ascending precendence:
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
<
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
 evaluates to 1 if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is less than 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
 If 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 or 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 are empty, they are considered to be 0 if the other is an integer number,
 0.0 if it is a floating point number and the empty string if it is a string.
 On locations, 
\emph on
x<y
\emph default
 if every component of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is less than or equal to the corresponding component of
\emph on
y
\emph default
 and at least one is strictly less.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
<=
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to 1 if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is less than or equal to 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
 For locations, this must hold for every component.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
>=
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to 1 if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is greater than or equal to 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
 For locations, this must hold for every component.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
>
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to 1 if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is greater than 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
 As with <, for locations, every component must be greater than or equal,
 and at least one must be strictly greater.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
==
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to 1 if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is equal to 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
=
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to 1 if the floating point value 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is almost equal to the floating point value 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
 Almost equal means, the numbers are at most neighbours.
 It is an error to use this with any type but float.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
!=
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to 1 if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is not equal to 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
+
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to the sum if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 are numbers.
 If 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 are strings, the result is the concatenated string.
 There is no dedicated logical 
\noun on
or
\noun default
 operation, so use 
\family typewriter
+
\family default
 for that.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
-
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to the difference if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 are numbers.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
*
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to the product if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 are numbers.
 There is no dedicated logical 
\noun on
and
\noun default
 operation, so use 
\family typewriter
*
\family default
 for that.
 You can multiply a location by an integer, or take the dot product of the
 coordinates of two locations (although the use case for that is unclear).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
/
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to the quotient if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 are numbers.
 You can divide a location by an integer.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x
\family typewriter
\emph default
%
\family default
\emph on
y
\series default
\emph default
  evaluates to the remainder of the division if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 are numbers.
 You can mod a location by an integer, or operate on two locations, in which
 case the mod operation applies componentwise.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
x^y
\series default
\emph default
 evaluates to 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 to the power of 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
-
\family default
\emph on
x
\series default
\emph default
 evaluates to 
\family typewriter
-
\family default
\emph on
x
\emph default
 if 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is a number or location.
 If 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is empty, the result will be empty, too.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\family typewriter
\series bold
(
\family default
\emph on
expression
\family typewriter
\emph default
)
\family default
\series default
  evaluates to the expression.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series bold
\emph on
function
\family typewriter
\emph default
(
\family default
\emph on
argument
\family typewriter
\emph default
,
\family default
...
\family typewriter
)
\family default
\series default
  evaluates to the value of the function applied to the values resulting
 from evaluating the argument expressions.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Functions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This section documents all available functions in alphabetical order.
 The functions are given in a C-like notation, so use 
\family typewriter
@(0,0,0)
\family default
 instead of 
\family typewriter
@(integer 0, integer 0, integer 0)
\family default
.
 If no type is given for the result of a function, it means the result type
 depends on the arguments.
 Brackets mark optional arguments.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
@
\series medium
([int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\emph on
x
\emph default
][,[int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

y
\emph default
][,[int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

z
\emph default
]]]) 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
@
\series medium
(location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l
\emph default
) 
\series default
returns the value of the cell at position 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, 
\emph on
y
\emph default
, 
\emph on
z
\emph default
.
 If any of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 or 
\emph on
z
\emph default
 is omitted, the coordinate of the cell is used.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
location
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
&
\series medium
([int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
][,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

[int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

y
\emph default
][,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

[int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

z
\emph default
]]]) 
\series default
returns a pointer to the cell at location 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, 
\emph on
y
\emph default
, 
\emph on
z
\emph default
.
 If 
\emph on
z
\emph default
 is omitted, the 
\emph on
z
\emph default
 position of the current cell is used.
 If 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 is missing as well, the 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 position (row) of the cell is used.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
string
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
$
\series medium
(string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

env
\emph default
) 
\series default
evaluates to the contents of the specified environment variable.
 If the variable does not exist, then an empty string will be returned.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
abs
\series medium
(float
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
abs
\series medium
(int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\emph on
x
\emph default
) 
\series default
evaluates to the absolute value of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
acos
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
evaluates to the arc cosine of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
arcosh
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the arc hyperbolic cosine of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
arsinh
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the arc hyperbolic sine of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
artanh
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the arc hyperbolic tangent of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
asin
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the arc sine of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
atan
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the arc tangent of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
clock
\series medium
(integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

condition
\emph default
,[location[,location]) 
\series default
 conditionally clocks the specified cell if the condition is not 0.
 If two locations are given, all cells in that range will be clocked.
 The return value of clock is empty.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
cos
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
evaluates to the cosine of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
cosh
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the hyperbolic cosine of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
deg2rad
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the degrees that are equivalent to 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
e
\series medium
() 
\series default
evaluates to the Euler constant 
\emph on
e
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
error
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
error
\series medium
(string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

message
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to an error with the specified message.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
eval
\series medium
(location) 
\series default
 evaluates to the value of the expression in the cell at the given 
\emph on
location
\emph default
, but evaluated in the context of the cell using eval().
 This function may not be used nested any deeper than 32 times.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
float
\series medium
(string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

s
\emph default
) 
\series default
 converts the given string into a floating point number.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
frac
\series medium
(float
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the fractional part of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
int
\series medium
(float
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
[,integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

neg
\emph default
,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

pos
\emph default
]) 
\series default
converts 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 to an integer value by cutting off the fractional part.
 If given, the value of 
\emph on
neg
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
pos
\emph default
 determines how negative and non-negative numbers will be converted:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\emph on
neg
\emph default
/
\emph on
pos
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
< -1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
next smaller integer value
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
round downward
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
0
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cut fractional part off (default)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
round upward
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
> 1
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
next larger integer value
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
int
\series medium
(string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

s
\emph default
) 
\series default
 converts 
\emph on
s
\emph default
 to an integer number.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
string
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
len
\series medium
(string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

s
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the length of 
\emph on
s
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
log
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
[,float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

y
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the logarithm of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
.
 If 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 is specified, the result will be the natural logarithm, otherwise it will
 be the logarithm to the base of 
\emph on
y
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
location
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
max
\series medium
(location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l1
\emph default
,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l2
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the maximum in the same way min does for the minimum.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
location
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
min
\series medium
(location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l1
\emph default
,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l2
\emph default
)
\series default
  evaluates to the location of the minimum of all values in the block marked
 by the corners pointed to by 
\emph on
l1
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
l2
\emph default
.
 Note that the empty cell is equal to 0, 0.0 and "", so if the first minimum
 is an empty cell, the result will be a pointer to this cell, too.
 If you are not interested in the location of the minimum but the value
 itself, use @(min(
\emph on
l1
\emph default
, 
\emph on
l2
\emph default
)).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
n
\series medium
(location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l1
\emph default
,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l2
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the number of non-empty cells in the block marked by the corners
 pointed to by 
\emph on
l1
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
l2
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
poly
\series medium
(float|integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

float|integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

cn
\emph default
[,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

...]) 
\series default
 evaluates the polynome 
\emph on

\begin_inset Formula $c_{n}\cdot x^{n}+\ldots+c_{0}\cdot x^{0}$
\end_inset


\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
rad2deg
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
evaluates to the radians that are equivalent to 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 degrees.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
rnd
\series medium
()
\series default
 evaluates to a pseudo-random number between 0.0 and 1.0.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
sin
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the sine of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
sinh
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the hyperbolic sine of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
string
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
strftime
\series medium
(string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

f
\emph default

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

[,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

t
\emph default
]) 
\series default
evaluates to the time 
\emph on
t
\emph default
 formatted according to the format specified in 
\emph on
f
\emph default
.
 Times in 
\emph on
t
\emph default
 are counted in seconds since epoch (1970-1-1 0:00).
 If 
\emph on
t
\emph default
 is empty or 0, the actual time is used.
 For the format specifications consult the man page of your c library, strftime
 (3).
 Example: 
\emph on
@(now)=int(strftime("%s"))
\emph default
 sets the field with label now to the actual time.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
string
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
string
\series medium
(location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l
\emph default
) 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
string
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
string
\series medium
(integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
string
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
string
\series medium
(float
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
[,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

[integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

precision
\emph default
][,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

scientific
\emph default
]]) 
\series default
 evaluates to a string containing the current value of the given cell at
 location 
\emph on
l
\emph default
, or to the numeric value 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 with the given 
\emph on
precision
\emph default
.
 The 
\emph on
scientific
\emph default
 flag determines if decimal (0) or scientific (unequal 0) representation
 is used.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
strptime
\series medium
(string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

f
\emph default
,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

datetime
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the seconds since epoch (1970-1-1 0:00) of the 
\emph on
datetime
\emph default
 string, parsed according to the format specified in 
\emph on
f
\emph default
.
 For the format specifications consult the man page of your c library, strptime
 (3).
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
string
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
substr
\series medium
(string
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

s,
\emph default
integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x,
\emph default
integer
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

y
\emph default
) 
\series default
evaluates to the substring of 
\emph on
s
\emph default
 between 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
y
\emph default
, which start at 0.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
sum
\series medium
(location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l1
\emph default
,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l2
\emph default
) 
\series default
evaluates to the sum of all values in the block marked by the corners pointed
 to by 
\emph on
l1
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
l2
\emph default
.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
tan
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
evaluates to the tangent of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
tanh
\series medium
(float|int
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

x
\emph default
) 
\series default
 evaluates to the hyperbolic tangent of 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, where 
\emph on
x
\emph default
 is given in radians.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
x
\series medium
([location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l
\emph default
]) 
\series default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
y
\series medium
([location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l
\emph default
]) 
\series default
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description

\series medium
int
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\series default
z
\series medium
([location
\emph on

\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

l
\emph default
]) 
\series default
 evaluate to the 
\emph on
x
\emph default
, 
\emph on
y
\emph default
 and 
\emph on
z
\emph default
 position of the given location, of the currently updated cell if none is
 given.
 These functions are usually used in combination with the @ function for
 relative relations to other cells.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Expression Grammar
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
digit::= 
\family typewriter
0
\family default
 | ..
 | 
\family typewriter
9
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
hex_digit::= 
\family typewriter
0
\family default
 | ..
 | 
\family typewriter
9
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
a
\family default
 | ..
 | 
\family typewriter
f
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
octal_digit::= 
\family typewriter
0
\family default
 | ..
 | 
\family typewriter
7
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
decimal_integer::= 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
 { 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
hex_integer::= 
\family typewriter
0x
\family default
 
\emph on
hex_digit
\emph default
 { 
\emph on
hexdigit
\emph default
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
octal_integer::= 
\family typewriter
0
\family default
 
\emph on
octal_digit
\emph default
 { 
\emph on
octdigit
\emph default
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
integer::= 
\emph on
decimal_integer
\emph default
 | 
\emph on
hex_integer
\emph default
 | 
\emph on
octal_integer
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
float::= 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
 { 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
 } [ 
\family typewriter
.

\family default
 ] { 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
 } [ 
\family typewriter
e
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
E
\family default
 [ 
\family typewriter
+
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
-
\family default
 ] 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
 { 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
 } ]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
quoted_character::= 
\emph on

\backslash
 any_character
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
character::= 
\emph on
any_character
\emph default
 | 
\emph on
quoted_character
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
string::= 
\family typewriter
"
\family default
 { 
\emph on
character
\emph default
 } 
\family typewriter
"
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
identifier_character::= 
\family typewriter
_
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
@
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
&
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
.

\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
$
\family default
 | 
\emph on
alpha_character
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
identifier::= 
\emph on
identifier_character
\emph default
 { 
\emph on
identifier_character
\emph default
 | 
\emph on
digit
\emph default
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
function::= 
\emph on
identifier
\emph default
 
\family typewriter
(
\family default
 [ 
\emph on
term
\emph default
 ] { 
\family typewriter
,
\family default
 [ 
\emph on
term
\emph default
 ] } 
\family typewriter
)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
label::= 
\emph on
identifier
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
parenterm::= 
\family typewriter
(
\family default
 
\emph on
term
\emph default
 
\family typewriter
)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
negterm::= 
\family typewriter
-
\family default
 
\emph on
primary
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
primary::= 
\emph on
function
\emph default
 | 
\emph on
label
\emph default
 | 
\emph on
parenterm
\emph default
 | 
\emph on
negterm
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
powterm::= 
\emph on
primary
\emph default
 { 
\family typewriter
‸
\family default
 
\emph on
primary
\emph default
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
mathterm::= 
\emph on
powterm
\emph default
 { 
\family typewriter
/
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
*
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
%
\family default
 
\emph on
powterm
\emph default
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
factor::= 
\emph on
mathterm
\emph default
 { 
\family typewriter
+
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
-
\family default
 
\emph on
mathterm
\emph default
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Description
term::= 
\emph on
factor
\emph default
 {
\family typewriter
<
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
<=
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
>=
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
>
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
==
\family default
 | 
\family typewriter
!=
\family default
 
\emph on
factor
\emph default
 }
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Frequently Asked Questions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Why is 1.0 unequal 1.0?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If your machine uses binary floating point arithmetic, and chances are that
 it does, you may eventually find yourself in the following situation:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
You expect to see 1.0 as result, and indeed that is what you get.
 Now you compare this result to the constant 1.0, but surprisingly for many
 users, the result is 0.
 Appearantly, 1.0 is unequal 1.0 for teapot.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This is not a bug in teapot, in fact it is not a bug at all.
 The problem is, that 0.1 (1.0/10.0) does not have an exact representation
 in binary floating point arithmetic, similar to how 1.0/3.0 does not have
 an exact representation in decimal arithmetic (or binary, for that matter).
 As such, a value very close to 0.1 is used, but when displaying it, it will
 be rounded to 0.1.
 The result is obvious, adding this number which is a little different from
 0.1 ten times leads to a result very close to but not quite 1.0.
 Since it is so close, displaying it rounded to only a few digits precision
 shows 1.0.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To solve the comparison problem, teapot has the operator 
\family typewriter
=
\family default
 (in contrast to the operator ==), which compares two floating point values
 apart from the last significant bit.
 Use this operator to compare the two values from above and the result will
 be 1, meaning they are about equal.
 Don't assume that a number which can be expressed with a finite number
 of decimal digits will be represented exactly in binary floating point
 arithmetic.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
How do I hide intermediate results?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
If you used flat, two-dimensional spread sheets before, you are probably
 used to hidden cells which contain intermediate results, global constants,
 scratch areas and the like.
 teapot has no way to hide cells, but you have three dimensions.
 Just use one or more layers for such cells and give each cell a label in
 order to reference and find it easily.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Why is there no conditional evaluation?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
There is no special operator or function for conditional evaluation.
 I could add one easily, but then next someone would ask for loops and someone
 else for user-defined functions, variables and so on.
 If you need a programming language, you know where to find it.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
But don't worry.
 The answer is, that conditional evaluation comes for free with teapot's
 orthogonal cell addressing.
 As an example, depending on the cell labelled 
\family typewriter
X
\family default
 being negative or not, you want the result to be the string 
\family typewriter
"BAD
\family default
 or 
\family typewriter
"GOOD"
\family default
.
 This is the solution:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Quote
eval(&((@(X)>=0)+x(BAD),y(BAD),z(BAD)))
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The cell labelled 
\family typewriter
BAD
\family default
 contains the string 
\family typewriter
"BAD"
\family default
, its right neighbour contains the string 
\family typewriter
"GOOD"
\family default
.
 If you have nested conditions, you could weight them with 1, 2, 4 and so
 on to address a bigger range of cells.
 Alternatively, you could make use of all three dimensions for nested conditions.
 
\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document