Correct the TrueMethods: elt must be associate and have inverses to have quotients

Aha, somehow I did not include the PackageInfo.g and the properly merged
gap/quasigroups.gd into the last commit; here they are

PackageInfo.g

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 SetPackageInfo( rec(
 PackageName := "loops",
 Subtitle := "Computing with quasigroups and loops in GAP",
-Version := "3.4.0",
+Version := "3.4.1",
-Date := "27/10/2017",
+Date := "29/10/2017",
 ArchiveURL := "http://www.math.du.edu/loops/loops-3.4.0",
 ArchiveFormats := "-win.zip .tar.gz",
 

gap/classes.gd

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 ##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 DeclareProperty( "IsAssociative", IsLoop );
-DeclareProperty( "IsCommutative", IsQuasigroup );
+#DeclareProperty( "IsCommutative", IsQuasigroup ); # Already covered by GAP
 DeclareProperty( "IsPowerAssociative", IsQuasigroup );
 DeclareProperty( "IsDiassociative", IsQuasigroup );
 

gap/classes.gi

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ InstallTrueMethod( IsExtraLoop, IsAssociative and IsLoop );
 ##
 ##  Returns true if <Q> is commutative.
 
-InstallOtherMethod( IsCommutative, "for quasigroup",
+InstallMethod( IsCommutative, "for quasigroup",
-    [ IsQuasigroup ],
+    [ IsQuasigroup ], 20, # Need to beat GAP's library methods
 function( Q )
     return LeftSection( Q ) = RightSection( Q );
 end );

gap/elements.gi

@@ -12,34 +12,34 @@
 ##  DISPLAYING AND COMPARING ELEMENTS
 ##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-InstallMethod( PrintObj, "for a quasigroup element",
+InstallMethod( PrintObj, "for a default quasigroup element",
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( obj )
     local F;
     F := FamilyObj( obj );
-    Print( F!.names, obj![ 1 ] );
+    Print( F!.elmNamePrefix, obj![ 1 ] );
 end );
 
 InstallMethod( PrintObj, "for a loop element",
-    [ IsLoopElement ],
+    [ IsLoopElmRep ],
 function( obj )
     local F;
     F := FamilyObj( obj );
-    Print( F!.names, obj![ 1 ] );
+    Print( F!.elmNamePrefix, obj![ 1 ] );
 end );
 
 InstallMethod( \=, "for two elements of a quasigroup",
     IsIdenticalObj,
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( x, y )
-    return FamilyObj( x ) = FamilyObj( y ) and x![ 1 ] = y![ 1 ];
+    return x![ 1 ] = y![ 1 ];
 end );
 
 InstallMethod( \<, "for two elements of a quasigroup",
     IsIdenticalObj,
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( x, y )
-    return FamilyObj( x ) = FamilyObj( y ) and x![ 1 ] < y![ 1 ];
+    return x![ 1 ] < y![ 1 ];
 end );
 
 InstallMethod( \., "for quasigroup and positive integer",
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ end );
 ##  i.e., a*b*c=(a*b)*c. Powers use binary decomposition.
 InstallMethod( \*, "for two quasigroup elements",
     IsIdenticalObj,
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( x, y )
     local F;
     F := FamilyObj( x );
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ function( x, y )
 end );
 
 InstallOtherMethod( \*, "for a QuasigroupElement and a list",
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement , IsList ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep , IsList ],
 function( x, ly )
     return List( ly, y -> x*y );
 end );
 
 InstallOtherMethod( \*, "for a list and a QuasigroupElement",
-    [ IsList, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsList, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( lx, y )
     return List( lx, x -> x*y );
 end );
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ end );
 ##  z=x/y means zy=x
 InstallMethod( RightDivision, "for two quasigroup elements",
     IsIdenticalObj,
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( x, y )
     local F, ycol;
     F := FamilyObj( x );
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ end );
 
 InstallOtherMethod( RightDivision,
     "for a list and a quasigroup element",
-    [ IsList, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsList, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
     0,
 function( lx, y )
     return List( lx, x -> RightDivision(x, y) );
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ end );
 
 InstallOtherMethod( RightDivision,
     "for a quasigroup element and a list",
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsList ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsList ],
     0,
 function( x, ly )
     return List( ly, y -> RightDivision(x, y) );
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ end );
 InstallOtherMethod( \/,
    "for two elements of a quasigroup",
    IsIdenticalObj,
-   [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+   [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
    0,
 function( x, y )
    return RightDivision( x, y );
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ end );
 
 InstallOtherMethod( \/,
     "for a list and a quasigroup element",
-    [ IsList, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsList, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
     0,
 function( lx, y )
     return List( lx, x -> RightDivision(x, y) );
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ end );
 
 InstallOtherMethod( \/,
     "for a quasigroup element and a list",
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsList ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsList ],
     0,
 function( x, ly )
     return List( ly, y -> RightDivision(x, y) );
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ end );
 ##  z = x\y means xz=y
 InstallMethod( LeftDivision, "for two quasigroup elements",
     IsIdenticalObj,
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( x, y )
     local F;
     F := FamilyObj( x );
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ end );
 
 InstallOtherMethod( LeftDivision,
     "for a list and a quasigroup element",
-    [ IsList, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsList, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
     0,
 function( lx, y )
     return List( lx, x -> LeftDivision(x, y) );
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ end );
 
 InstallOtherMethod( LeftDivision,
     "for a quasigroup element and a list",
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsList ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsList ],
     0,
 function( x, ly )
     return List( ly, y -> LeftDivision(x, y) );
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ end );
 ##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 InstallMethod( \^, "for a quasigroup element and a permutation",
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsPerm ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsPerm ],
 function( x, p )
     local F;
     F := FamilyObj( x );
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ function( x, p )
 end );
 
 InstallMethod( OneOp, "for loop elements",
-    [ IsLoopElement ],
+    [ IsLoopElmRep ],
 function( x )
     local F;
     F := FamilyObj( x );
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ end );
 ##  If <x> is a loop element, returns the left inverse of <x>
 
 InstallMethod( LeftInverse, "for loop elements",
-    [ IsLoopElement ],
+    [ IsLoopElmRep ],
     x -> RightDivision( One( x ), x )
 );
 
@@ -248,12 +248,12 @@ InstallMethod( LeftInverse, "for loop elements",
 ##  If <x> is a loop element, returns the left inverse of <x>
 
 InstallMethod( RightInverse, "for loop elements",
-    [ IsLoopElement ],
+    [ IsLoopElmRep ],
     x -> LeftDivision( x, One( x ) )
 );
 
 InstallMethod( InverseOp, "for loop elements",
-    [ IsLoopElement ],
+    [ IsLoopElmRep ],
 function( x )
     local y;
     y := RightInverse( x );
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ end );
 ##  (xy)z = (x(yz))u.
 
 InstallMethod( Associator, "for three quasigroup elements",
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( x, y, z )
     return LeftDivision( x*(y*z), (x*y)*z );
 end);
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ end);
 ##  (xy) = (yx)u.
 
 InstallMethod( Commutator, "for two quasigroup elements",
-    [ IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ],
+    [ IsQuasigroupElmRep, IsQuasigroupElmRep ],
 function( x, y )
     return LeftDivision( y*x, x*y );
 end);

gap/quasigroups.gd

@@ -1,104 +1,173 @@
-#############################################################################
+#############################################################################
-##
+##
-#W  quasigroups.gd  Representing, creating and displaying quasigroups [loops]
+#W  quasigroups.gd  Representing, creating and displaying quasigroups [loops]
-##
+##
-#H  @(#)$Id: quasigroups.gd, v 3.4.0 2017/10/17 gap Exp $
+#H  @(#)$Id: quasigroups.gd, v 3.4.0 2017/10/17 gap Exp $
-##
+##
-#Y  Copyright (C)  2004,  G. P. Nagy (University of Szeged, Hungary),
+#Y  Copyright (C)  2004,  G. P. Nagy (University of Szeged, Hungary),
-#Y                        P. Vojtechovsky (University of Denver, USA)
+#Y                        P. Vojtechovsky (University of Denver, USA)
-##
+##
-
+
-#############################################################################
+#############################################################################
-##  GAP CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATIONS
+##  GAP CATEGORIES AND REPRESENTATIONS
-##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
+
-## element of a quasigroup
+## Categories convenient for defining quasigroups
-DeclareCategory( "IsQuasigroupElement", IsMultiplicativeElement );
+
-DeclareRepresentation( "IsQuasigroupElmRep",
+## element which is an admissible argument for the right argument of /
-    IsPositionalObjectRep and IsMultiplicativeElement, [1] );
+DeclareCategory( "IsRightQuotientElement", IsExtLElement);
-
+DeclareCategoryCollections("IsRightQuotientElement");
-## element of a loop
+DeclareCategoryCollections("IsRightQuotientElementCollection");
-DeclareCategory( "IsLoopElement",
+
-    IsQuasigroupElement and IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverse );
+## Every associative element with an inverse can form right quotients
-DeclareRepresentation( "IsLoopElmRep",
+## (in fact, in some sense it might be enough to have just a left inverse,
-    IsPositionalObjectRep and IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverse, [1] );
+## but there doesn't seem to be any benefit to delving to that level of
-
+## detail at this point.)
-## latin (auxiliary category for GAP to tell apart IsMagma and IsQuasigroup)
+## By noting this property, we can create a RightQuasigroup from, e.g., group
-DeclareCategory( "IsLatinMagma", IsObject );
+## elements
-
+InstallTrueMethod(IsRightQuotientElement,
-## quasigroup
+                  IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverse and IsAssociativeElement);
-DeclareCategory( "IsQuasigroup", IsMagma and IsLatinMagma );
+
-
+## Now what we would like to do is re-declare
-## loop
+## DeclareOperation( "/", [IsExtRElement, IsRightQuotientElement] );
-DeclareCategory( "IsLoop", IsQuasigroup and IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverseCollection);
+## but we can't since "/" is in the kernel, so we will have to content
-
+## ourselves with InstallOtherMethod() calls on /. (I am not actually sure what
-#############################################################################
+## the practical upshot of that is, i.e. if it has any shortcomings as compared
-##  TESTING MULTIPLICATION TABLES
+## to if we could declare "/" more generally.)
-##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
-
+## Element which is admissible for the left argument of LeftQuotient()
-DeclareOperation( "IsQuasigroupTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+DeclareCategory( "IsLeftQuotientElement", IsExtRElement);
-DeclareSynonym( "IsQuasigroupCayleyTable", IsQuasigroupTable );
+DeclareCategoryCollections("IsLeftQuotientElement");
-DeclareOperation( "IsLoopTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+DeclareCategoryCollections("IsLeftQuotientElementCollection");
-DeclareSynonym( "IsLoopCayleyTable", IsLoopTable );
+
-DeclareOperation( "CanonicalCayleyTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+## Every associative element with an inverse can form left quotients
-DeclareOperation( "NormalizedQuasigroupTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+InstallTrueMethod(IsLeftQuotientElement,
-
+                  IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverse and IsAssociativeElement);
-#############################################################################
+
-##  CREATING QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS MANUALLY
+## Again, ideally (in some sense) we'd like to redeclare
-##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+## DeclareOperation("LeftQuotient", [IsLeftQuotientElement,IsExtLElement]);
-
+
-DeclareAttribute( "CayleyTable", IsQuasigroup );
+## element of a quasigroup
-DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupByCayleyTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+DeclareSynonym( "IsQuasigroupElement",
-DeclareOperation( "LoopByCayleyTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+                IsMultiplicativeElement and 
-DeclareOperation( "SetQuasigroupElmName", [ IsQuasigroup, IsString ] );
+                IsLeftQuotientElement and IsRightQuotientElement );
-DeclareSynonym( "SetLoopElmName", SetQuasigroupElmName );
+DeclareRepresentation( "IsQuasigroupElmRep",
-DeclareOperation( "CanonicalCopy", [ IsQuasigroup ] );
+    IsPositionalObjectRep and IsQuasigroupElement, [1] );
-
+
-#############################################################################
+## element of a loop
-##  CREATING QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS FROM A FILE
+DeclareSynonym( "IsLoopElement",
-##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    IsQuasigroupElement and IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverse );
-
+DeclareRepresentation( "IsLoopElmRep",
-DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupFromFile", [ IsString, IsString ] );
+    IsQuasigroupElmRep and IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverse, [1] );
-DeclareOperation( "LoopFromFile", [ IsString, IsString ] );
+
-
+## Right quasigroup
-#############################################################################
+DeclareCategory("IsRightQuasigroup", 
-##  CREATING QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS BY SECTIONS
+                IsMagma and IsRightQuotientElementCollection);
-##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
-
+## Although the following assertion is mathematically correct, unfortunately
-DeclareOperation( "CayleyTableByPerms", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+## it interferes with method selection for standard group operations
-DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupByLeftSection", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+## in GAP. As an example, if it is uncommented, it will no longer be possible
-DeclareOperation( "LoopByLeftSection", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+## to construct a CyclicGroup; trying to do so eventually dies in
-DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupByRightSection", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+## GeneratorsOfRightQuasigroup. Those errors could conceivably be corrected by
-DeclareOperation( "LoopByRightSection", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+## delving further into GAP's method selection mechanism and adjusting the
-DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupByRightFolder", [ IsGroup, IsGroup, IsMultiplicativeElementCollection ] );
+## declarations of various quasigroup operations, but it doesn't seem worth
-DeclareOperation( "LoopByRightFolder", [ IsGroup, IsGroup, IsMultiplicativeElementCollection ] );
+## the effort as there is unlikely to be much call to consider a group as a
-
+## quasigroup. If it is desirable to do so in a particular case, it should be
-#############################################################################
+## possible to use the elements of the group to form a quasigroup, since they
-##  CONVERSIONS
+## will all satisfy IsRightQuotientElement by a TrueMethod installed above.
-##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
-
+## InstallTrueMethod(IsRightQuasigroup, IsGroup);
-DeclareOperation( "IntoQuasigroup", [ IsMagma ] );
+
-DeclareOperation( "PrincipalLoopIsotope",
+## Left quasigroup
-    [ IsQuasigroup, IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ] );
+DeclareCategory("IsLeftQuasigroup",
-DeclareOperation( "IntoLoop", [ IsMagma ] );
+                IsMagma and IsLeftQuotientElementCollection);
-DeclareOperation( "IntoGroup", [ IsMagma ] );
+
-
+## We forego the following for the reasons outlined above for right quasigroups.
-#############################################################################
+
-## PRODUCTS OF QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS
+## InstallTrueMethod(IsLeftQuasigroup, IsGroup);
-## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
-
+## quasigroup
-#DirectProduct already declared for groups.
+DeclareSynonym( "IsQuasigroup", IsRightQuasigroup and IsLeftQuasigroup );
-
+
-#############################################################################
+## loop
-## OPPOSITE QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS
+DeclareSynonym( "IsLoop", IsQuasigroup and IsMagmaWithOne and 
-## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+                          IsMultiplicativeElementWithInverseCollection);
-
+
-DeclareOperation( "OppositeQuasigroup", [ IsQuasigroup ] );
+#############################################################################
-DeclareOperation( "OppositeLoop", [ IsLoop ] );
+##  TESTING MULTIPLICATION TABLES
-DeclareAttribute( "Opposite", IsQuasigroup );
+##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
+
-#############################################################################
+DeclareProperty( "IsLeftQuasigroupTable", IsMatrix );
-## AUXILIARY
+DeclareProperty( "IsRightQuasigroupTable", IsMatrix );
-## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DeclareSynonym( "IsQuasigroupTable", 
-DeclareGlobalFunction( "LOOPS_ReadCayleyTableFromFile" );
+                IsLeftQuasigroupTable and IsRightQuasigroupTable );
-DeclareGlobalFunction( "LOOPS_CayleyTableByRightFolder" );
+DeclareSynonym( "IsQuasigroupCayleyTable", IsQuasigroupTable );
+DeclareProperty( "IsLoopTable", IsMatrix );
+DeclareSynonym( "IsLoopCayleyTable", IsLoopTable );
+DeclareGlobalFunction("CanonicalCayleyTableOfLeftQuasigroupTable");
+DeclareOperation( "CanonicalCayleyTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+DeclareOperation( "NormalizedQuasigroupTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+
+#############################################################################
+##  CREATING QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS MANUALLY
+##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DeclareAttribute( "CayleyTable", IsMagma );
+DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupByCayleyTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+DeclareOperation( "LoopByCayleyTable", [ IsMatrix ] );
+DeclareOperation( "SpecifyElmNamePrefix", [ IsCollection, IsString ] );
+DeclareSynonym( "SetQuasigroupElmName", SpecifyElmNamePrefix );
+DeclareSynonym( "SetLoopElmName", SpecifyElmNamePrefix );
+DeclareOperation( "BindElmNames", [ IsMagma ] );
+DeclareAttribute( "ConstructorFromTable", IsMagma );
+DeclareOperation( "CanonicalCopy", [ IsMagma ] );
+
+#############################################################################
+##  CREATING QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS FROM A FILE
+##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupFromFile", [ IsString, IsString ] );
+DeclareOperation( "LoopFromFile", [ IsString, IsString ] );
+
+#############################################################################
+##  CREATING QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS BY SECTIONS
+##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DeclareGlobalFunction("CayleyTableByPerms");
+DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupByLeftSection", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+DeclareOperation( "LoopByLeftSection", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupByRightSection", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+DeclareOperation( "LoopByRightSection", [ IsPermCollection ] );
+DeclareOperation( "QuasigroupByRightFolder", [ IsGroup, IsGroup, IsMultiplicativeElementCollection ] );
+DeclareOperation( "LoopByRightFolder", [ IsGroup, IsGroup, IsMultiplicativeElementCollection ] );
+
+#############################################################################
+##  CONVERSIONS
+##  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DeclareOperation( "IntoQuasigroup", [ IsMagma ] );
+DeclareOperation( "PrincipalLoopIsotope",
+    [ IsQuasigroup, IsQuasigroupElement, IsQuasigroupElement ] );
+DeclareOperation( "IntoLoop", [ IsMagma ] );
+DeclareOperation( "IntoGroup", [ IsMagma ] );
+
+#############################################################################
+## PRODUCTS OF QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS
+## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DeclareGlobalFunction("ProductTableOfCanonicalCayleyTables");
+#DirectProduct already declared for groups.
+
+#############################################################################
+## OPPOSITE QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS
+## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DeclareGlobalFunction( "OppositeQuasigroup");
+DeclareGlobalFunction( "OppositeLoop");
+DeclareAttribute( "Opposite", IsMagma );
+
+#############################################################################
+## AUXILIARY
+## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DeclareGlobalFunction( "LOOPS_ReadCayleyTableFromFile" );
+DeclareGlobalFunction( "LOOPS_CayleyTableByRightFolder" );

gap/quasigroups.gi

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 
 #############################################################################
 ##
-#O  IsQuasigroupTable( ls )
+#O  IsLeftQuasigroupTable( ls )
 ##
-##  Returns true if <ls> is an n by n latin square with n distinct
+##  Returns true if <ls> is an n by n matrix with n distinct
-##  integral entries.
+##  integral entries, each occurring exactly once in each row
 
-InstallMethod( IsQuasigroupTable, "for matrix",
+InstallMethod( IsLeftQuasigroupTable, "for matrix",
     [ IsMatrix ],
 function( ls )
     local first_row;
@@ -27,14 +27,21 @@ function( ls )
     first_row := Set( ls[ 1 ] );
     if not Length( first_row ) = Length( ls[ 1 ] ) then return false; fi;
     if ForAll( ls, row -> Set( row ) = first_row ) = false then return false; fi;
-    # checking columns
-    ls := TransposedMat( ls );
-    first_row := Set( ls[ 1 ] );
-    if not Length( first_row ) = Length( ls[ 1 ] ) then return false; fi;
-    if ForAll( ls, row -> Set( row ) = first_row ) = false then return false; fi;
     return true;
 end );
 
+#############################################################################
+##
+#O  IsRightQuasigroupTable( ls )
+##
+##  Returns true if <ls> is an n by n matrix with n distinct
+##  integral entries, each occurring exactly once in each column
+
+InstallMethod( IsRightQuasigroupTable, "for matrix",
+    [ IsMatrix ],
+    mat -> IsLeftQuasigroupTable(TransposedMat(mat))
+);
+
 #############################################################################
 ##
 #O  IsLoopTable( ls )
@@ -51,6 +58,36 @@ function( ls )
         and ls[ 1 ] = List( [1..Length(ls)], i -> ls[ i ][ 1 ] );
 end );
 
+#############################################################################
+##
+#O CanonicalCayleyTableOfLeftQuasigroupTable( ls )
+##
+## Returns a Cayley table isomorphic to <ls>, which must already be known
+## to be a left quasigroup table, in which the entries of ls
+## have been replaced by numerical values 1, ..., n in the following way:
+## Let e_1 < ... < e_n be all distinct entries of ls. Then e_i is renamed
+## to i. In particular, when {e_1,...e_n} = {1,...,n}, the operation
+## does nothing.
+
+InstallGlobalFunction( CanonicalCayleyTableOfLeftQuasigroupTable,
+function( ls )
+    local n, entries, i, j, T;
+    n := Length( ls );
+    # finding all distinct entries in the table
+    entries := [];
+    for i in ls[1] do 
+        AddSet( entries, i );
+    od;
+    if entries = [1..n] then return List(ls, l -> ShallowCopy(l));
+    fi;
+    # renaming the entries and making a mutable copy, too
+    T := List( [1..n], i -> [1..n] );
+    for i in [1..n] do for j in [1..n] do
+       T[ i ][ j ] := Position( entries, ls[ i ][ j ] );
+    od; od;
+    return T;
+end );
+
 #############################################################################
 ##
 #O CanonicalCayleyTable( ls )
@@ -71,13 +108,15 @@ function( ls )
     for i in [1..n] do for j in [1..n] do
         AddSet( entries, ls[ i ][ j ] );
     od; od;
+    if entries = [1..n] then return List(ls, l -> ShallowCopy(l));
+    fi;
     # renaming the entries and making a mutable copy, too
     T := List( [1..n], i -> [1..n] );
     for i in [1..n] do for j in [1..n] do
        T[ i ][ j ] := Position( entries, ls[ i ][ j ] );
     od; od;
     return T;
-end );
+end);
 
 #############################################################################
 ##
@@ -94,7 +133,7 @@ function( ls )
         Error( "LOOPS: <1> must be a latin square." );
     fi;
     # renaming the entries to be 1, ..., n
-    T := CanonicalCayleyTable( ls );
+    T := CanonicalCayleyTableOfLeftQuasigroupTable( ls );
     # permuting the columns so that the first row reads 1, ..., n
     perm := PermList( T[ 1 ] );
     T := List( T, row -> Permuted( row, perm ) );
@@ -110,10 +149,12 @@ end );
 ##
 #A  CayleyTable( Q )
 ##
-##  Returns the Cayley table of the quasigroup <Q>
+##  Returns the Cayley table of the magma <Q>. This is just like
+##  its multiplication table, except in case Q is a submagma of P, in which
+##  case the entries used are the indices in P rather than in Q.
 
-InstallMethod( CayleyTable, "for quasigroup",
+InstallMethod( CayleyTable, "for magma",
-    [ IsQuasigroup ],
+    [ IsMagma ],
 function( Q )
     local elms, parent_elms;
     elms := Elements( Q );
@@ -136,7 +177,7 @@ function( ct )
         Error( "LOOPS: <1> must be a latin square." );
     fi;
     # Making sure that entries are 1, ..., n
-    ct := CanonicalCayleyTable( ct );
+    ct := CanonicalCayleyTableOfLeftQuasigroupTable( ct );
     # constructing the family
     F := NewFamily( "QuasigroupByCayleyTableFam", IsQuasigroupElement );
     # installing data for the family
@@ -146,7 +187,7 @@ function( ct )
         NewType( F, IsQuasigroupElement and IsQuasigroupElmRep), [ i ] ) ) );
     F!.set := elms;
     F!.cayleyTable := ct;
-    F!.names := "q";
+    F!.elmNamePrefix := "q";
     # creating the quasigroup
     Q := Objectify( NewType( FamilyObj( elms ),
         IsQuasigroup and IsAttributeStoringRep ), rec() );
@@ -155,6 +196,7 @@ function( ct )
     SetAsSSortedList( Q, elms );
     SetParent( Q, Q );
     SetCayleyTable( Q, ct );
+    SetConstructorFromTable(Q, QuasigroupByCayleyTable);
     return Q;
 end );
 
@@ -173,7 +215,7 @@ function( ct )
     fi;
     # Making sure that the entries are 1, ..., n.
     # The table will remain normalized.
-    ct := CanonicalCayleyTable( ct );
+    ct := CanonicalCayleyTableOfLeftQuasigroupTable( ct );
     # constructing the family
     F := NewFamily( "LoopByCayleyTableFam", IsLoopElement );
     # installing the data for the family
@@ -183,7 +225,7 @@ function( ct )
         NewType( F, IsLoopElement and IsLoopElmRep), [ i ] ) ) );
     F!.set := elms;
     F!.cayleyTable := ct;
-    F!.names := "l";
+    F!.elmNamePrefix := "l";
     # creating the loop
     L := Objectify( NewType( FamilyObj( elms ),
         IsLoop and IsAttributeStoringRep ), rec() );
@@ -193,39 +235,88 @@ function( ct )
     SetParent( L, L );
     SetCayleyTable( L, ct );
     SetOne( L, elms[ 1 ] );
+    SetConstructorFromTable(L, LoopByCayleyTable);
     return L;
 end );
 
 #############################################################################
 ##
-#O  SetQuasigroupElmName( Q, name )
+#O  SpecifyElmNamePrefix( C, name )
 ##
-##  Changes the name of elements of quasigroup or loop <Q> to <name>
+##  Sets the elmNamePrefix property on the family of a Representative of 
+##  collection <C>. For quasigroups, loops, and possibly related structures
+##  this changes the prefix with which the elements of that family are printed.
 
-InstallMethod( SetQuasigroupElmName, "for quasigroup and string",
+InstallMethod( SpecifyElmNamePrefix, "for collection and string",
-    [ IsQuasigroup, IsString ],
+    [ IsCollection, IsString ],
 function( Q, name )
     local F;
-    F := FamilyObj( Elements( Q )[ 1 ] );
+    F := FamilyObj( Representative( Q ) );
-    F!.names := name;
+    F!.elmNamePrefix := name;
+end);
+#############################################################################
+##
+#O  BindElmNames( M )
+##
+##  For each element e of the magma <M>, binds the identifier named String(e)
+##  to e. 
+
+InstallMethod( BindElmNames, "for a magma",
+    [ IsMagma ],
+    function( M )
+        local e, nm;
+        for e in Elements(M) do
+            nm := String(e);
+            BindGlobal(nm, e);
+            MakeReadWriteGlobal(nm);
+        od;
+        return;
 end);
 
+#############################################################################
+##
+#O ConstructorFromTable( M )
+##
+## Given a magma <M>, returns a function which will create a domain of the
+## same structure as M from from an operation table. This implementation of
+## the method is to backfill the constructors for library domains that do
+## not set the attribute directly at construction time. New domains that wish
+## to use facilities like CanonicalCopy or Opposite should call
+## SetConstructorFromTable at creation time.
+
+InstallMethod( ConstructorFromTable, "for other magmas",
+    [ IsMagma ],
+    function ( M ) 
+      # Go in reverse order of refinement of structure
+      if IsGroup(M) then
+        return GroupByMultiplicationTable;
+      elif IsMagmaWithInverses(M) then
+        return MagmaWithInversesByMultiplicationTable;
+      elif IsMonoid(M) then
+        return MonoidByMultiplicationTable;
+      elif IsMagmaWithOne(M) then
+        return MagmaWithOneByMultiplicationTable;
+      elif IsSemigroup(M) then
+        return SemigroupByMultiplicationTable;
+      fi;
+      return MagmaByMultiplicationTable;
+end);
+
+            
 #############################################################################
 ##
 #O  CanonicalCopy( Q )
 ##
 ##  Returns a canonical copy of <Q>, that is, an isomorphic object <O> with
-##  canonical multiplication table and Parent( <O> ) = <O>.
+##  canonical multiplication table and no parent set. Note that this is
+##  guaranteed to be a new object, not satisfying IsIdenticalObj with any
+##  previously existing structure. THEREFORE:
 ##  (PROG) Properties and attributes are lost!
 
-InstallMethod( CanonicalCopy, "for quasigroup or loop",
+InstallMethod( CanonicalCopy, "for magma",
-    [ IsQuasigroup ],
+    [ IsMagma ],
-function( Q )
+    M -> ConstructorFromTable(M)(MultiplicationTable(M))
-    if IsLoop( Q ) then
+);
-        return LoopByCayleyTable( CayleyTable( Q ) );
-    fi;
-    return QuasigroupByCayleyTable( CayleyTable( Q ) );
-end);
 
 
 #############################################################################
@@ -347,30 +438,44 @@ end );
 
 #############################################################################
 ##
-#O  CayleyTableByPerms( perms )
+#O  CayleyTableByPerms( perms, [X] )
 ##
-##  Given a set <perms> of n permutations of an n-element set X, returns
+##  Given a set <perms> of n permutations of an n-element set <X> of natural
-##  n by n Cayley table ct such that ct[i][j] = X[j]^perms[i].
+##  numbers, returns an n by n Cayley table ct such that 
-##  The operation is safe only if at most one permutation of <perms> is
+##    ct[i][j] = X[j]^perms[i]. 
-##  the identity permutation, and all other permutations of <perms>
+##
-##  move all points of X.
+##  Note that the argument <X> is optional, and if omitted, the function will
+##  assume that at most one permutation of <perms> is the identity
+##  permutation, and that all other permutations of <perms> 
+##  move all points of <X>.
 
-InstallMethod( CayleyTableByPerms,
+InstallGlobalFunction( CayleyTableByPerms,
-    "for a list of permutations",
+function( perms, rest... )
-    [ IsPermCollection ],
-function( perms )
     local n, pts, max;
     n := Length( perms );
     if n=1 then
         return [ [ 1 ] ];
     fi;
+    
     # one of perms[ 1 ], perms[ 2 ] must move all points
-    pts := MovedPoints( perms[ 2 ] );
+    if Length(rest) > 0 then
-    if pts = [] then
+      pts := rest[1];
+    else  
+      pts := MovedPoints( perms[ 2 ] );
+      if pts = [] then
         pts := MovedPoints( perms[ 1 ] );
+      fi;
+    fi;
+    if Length(pts) <> n then
+      Error("perms for cayley table of size ", n, " cannot act on ", 
+            Length(pts), " points.");
     fi;
     max := Maximum( pts );
-    # we permute the whole interval [1..max] and then keep only those coordinates corresponding to pts
+    if max = n then
+      # Common case, we are permuting [1..n]
+      return List( perms, x -> ListPerm(x, n));
+    fi;
+    # Otherwise we permute the whole interval [1..max] and then keep only those coordinates corresponding to pts
     return List( perms, p -> Permuted( [1..max], p^(-1) ){ pts } );
 end);
 
@@ -627,95 +732,104 @@ end);
 # groups in GAP. The idea is as follows:
 # We want to calculate direct product of quasigroups, loops and groups.
 # If only groups are on the list, standard GAP DirectProduct will take care
-# of it. If there are also some quasigroups or loops on the list,
+# of it. If there are also some quasigroups or loops on the list (but nothing
-# we must take care of it.
+# that is not a quasigroup), we must take care of it.
 # However, we do not know if such a list will be processed with
 # DirectProductOp( <IsList>, <IsGroup> ), or
 # DirectProductOp( <IsList>, <IsQuasigroup> ),
 # since this depends on which algebra is listed first.
-# We therefore take care of both situations.
+# Call the item in the second argument of DirectProductOp the "distinguished"
+# item. To produce the correct result whichever of the two above cases for
+# DirectProductOp ends up being called, we add a method in the first case
+# which repeats the product call with the first non-group it encounters (if
+# any) as the distinguished item. Further, the method for the
+# latter case must itself repeat the call with a similar reordering if it
+# finds anyitem that is not a quasigroup.
 
-InstallOtherMethod( DirectProductOp, "for DirectProduct( <IsList>, <IsGroup> )",
+InstallMethod( DirectProductOp, "for DirectProduct( <IsList>, <IsGroup> )",
     [ IsList, IsGroup],
 function( list, first )
     local L, p;
 
     # Check the arguments.
-    if IsEmpty( list ) then Error( "LOOPS: <1> must be nonempty." ); fi;
+    if IsEmpty( list ) then
-    if not ForAny( list, IsQuasigroup ) then
+        Error( "LOOPS: <1> must be nonempty." );
-        # there are no quasigroups or loops on the list
+    elif Length(list) = 1 then
-        TryNextMethod();
+        return list[1];
     fi;
-    if ForAny( list, G -> (not IsGroup( G )) and (not IsQuasigroup( G ) ) ) then
+    for p in [1..Length(list)] do
-        # there are other objects beside groups, loops and quasigroups on the list
+        if not IsGroup(list[p]) then
-        TryNextMethod();
+            return DirectProductOp(Permuted(list, (1,p)), list[p]);
-    fi;
-
-    # all arguments are groups, quasigroups or loops, and there is at least one loop
-    # making sure that a loop is listed first so that this method is not called again
-    for L in list do
-        if not IsGroup( L ) then
-            p := Position( list, L );
-            list[ 1 ] := L;
-            list[ p ] := first;
-            break;
         fi;
     od;
+    # OK, everything is a group, so let the rest of GAP do the work.
+    TryNextMethod();
+end);
 
-    return DirectProductOp( list, list[ 1 ] );
+InstallGlobalFunction(ProductTableOfCanonicalCayleyTables,
+function(tablist)
+    local i, nL, nM, TL, TM, T, j, k, s;
+    TL := tablist[1];
+    for s in [2..Length(tablist)] do
+        TM := tablist[ s ];
+        nL := Length( TL);  nM := Length( TM );
+        T := List( [1..nL*nM], j->[] );
+        # not efficient, but it does the job
+        for i in [1..nM] do for j in [1..nM] do for k in [1..nL] do
+            Append( T[ (i-1)*nL + k ], TL[ k ] + nL*(TM[i][j]-1) );
+        od; od; od;
+        TL := T;
+    od;  
+    return TL;
 end);
 
 InstallOtherMethod( DirectProductOp, "for DirectProduct( <IsList>, <IsQuasigroup> )",
     [ IsList, IsQuasigroup ],
 function( list, dummy )
 
-    local group_list, quasigroup_list, group_product, are_all_loops,
+    local group_list, quasigroup_list, group_product, are_all_loops, n, i, T;
-        n, i, nL, nM, TL, TM, T, j, k, s;
 
     # check the arguments
     if IsEmpty( list ) then
         Error( "LOOPS: <1> must be nonempty." );
-    elif ForAny( list, G -> (not IsGroup( G )) and (not IsQuasigroup( G ) ) ) then
+    elif Length(list) = 1 then
-        TryNextMethod();
+        return list[1];
     fi;
+    group_list := [];
+    quasigroup_list := list{[1]};
+    are_all_loops := IsLoop(list[1]);
+    for i in [2..Length(list)] do
+        if IsGroup(list[i]) then 
+            Add(group_list, list[i]);
+        elif IsQuasigroup(list[i]) then
+            Add(quasigroup_list, list[i]);
+            if are_all_loops and not IsLoop(list[i]) then
+                are_all_loops := false;
+            fi;
+        else # Oops, something that's neither a group or quasigroup
+            return DirectProductOp(Permuted(list,(1.i)), list[i]);
+        fi;
+    od;
 
-    # only groups, quasigroups and loops are on the list, with at least one non-group
+    # only groups, quasigroups and loops are on the list, with at least one
-    group_list := Filtered( list, G -> IsGroup( G ) );
+    # non-group; moreover, we have partitioned the list into groups and
-    quasigroup_list := Filtered( list, G -> IsQuasigroup( G ) );
+    # non-groups and checked whether all quasigroups are really loops.
     if not IsEmpty( group_list ) then   # some groups are on the list
         group_product := DirectProductOp( group_list, group_list[ 1 ] );
         Add( quasigroup_list, IntoLoop( group_product ) );
     fi;
-    # keeping track of whether all algebras are in fact loops
-    are_all_loops := ForAll( quasigroup_list, IsLoop );
 
-    # now only quasigroups and loops are on the list
+    # now only quasigroups and loops are on the list, with at least 2 of them
     n := Length( quasigroup_list );
-    if n=1 then
+    # We will not use recursion; start by making all Cayley tables canonical
-        return quasigroup_list[ 1 ];
+    Apply(quasigroup_list, 
-    fi;
+          Q -> CanonicalCayleyTableOfLeftQuasigroupTable( CayleyTable( Q ) ) );
-    # at least 2 quasigroups and loops; we will not use recursion
+    T := ProductTableOfCanonicalCayleyTables( quasigroup_list );
-    # making all Cayley tables cannonical
+        
-    for s in [1..n] do
-        quasigroup_list[ s ] := QuasigroupByCayleyTable( CanonicalCayleyTable( CayleyTable( quasigroup_list[ s ] ) ) );
-    od;
-    for s in [2..n] do
-        nL := Size( quasigroup_list[ 1 ] );
-        nM := Size( quasigroup_list[ s ] );
-        TL := CayleyTable( quasigroup_list[ 1 ] );
-        TM := CayleyTable( quasigroup_list[ s ] );
-        T := List( [1..nL*nM], j->[] );
-
-        # not efficient, but it does the job
-        for i in [1..nM] do for j in [1..nM] do for k in [1..nL] do
-            Append( T[ (i-1)*nL + k ], TL[ k ] + nL*(TM[i][j]-1) );
-        od; od; od;
-        quasigroup_list[ 1 ] := QuasigroupByCayleyTable( T );
-    od;
     if are_all_loops then
-        return IntoLoop( quasigroup_list[1] );
+        return LoopByCayleyTable( T );
     fi;
-    return quasigroup_list[ 1 ];
+    return QuasigroupByCayleyTable( T );
  end );
 
 #############################################################################
@@ -726,41 +840,36 @@ function( list, dummy )
 ##
 #O  OppositeQuasigroup( Q )
 ##
-##  Returns the quasigroup opposite to the quasigroup <Q>. 
+##  Identical to Opposite, except forces its return to be a quasigroup if
+##  possible 
 
-InstallMethod( OppositeQuasigroup, "for quasigroup",
+InstallGlobalFunction( OppositeQuasigroup,
-    [ IsQuasigroup ],
+                       Q -> IntoQuasigroup( Opposite( Q ) ) );
-function( Q )
-    return QuasigroupByCayleyTable( TransposedMat( CayleyTable( Q ) ) );
-end );
 
 #############################################################################
 ##
 #O  OppositeLoop( Q )
 ##
-##  Returns the loop opposite to the loop <Q>. 
+##  Identical to Opposite, except forces its return to be a loop if possible
 
-InstallMethod( OppositeLoop, "for loop",
+InstallGlobalFunction( OppositeLoop, L -> IntoLoop( Opposite( L ) ) );
-    [ IsLoop ],
-function( Q )
-    return LoopByCayleyTable( TransposedMat( CayleyTable( Q ) ) );
-end );
 
 #############################################################################
 ##
-#A  Opposite( Q )
+#A  Opposite( M )
 ##
-##  Returns the quasigroup opposite to the quasigroup <Q>. When
+##  Returns the magma opposite to the magma <M>, with as much structure
-##  <Q> is a loop, a loop is returned.
+##  as can be preserved.
+
+InstallMethod( Opposite, "for magma",
+    [ IsMagma and HasMultiplicationTable],
+    M -> ConstructorFromTable(M)( TransposedMat( MultiplicationTable( M ) ) )
+);
 
 InstallMethod( Opposite, "for quasigroup",
-    [ IsQuasigroup ],
+    [ IsQuasigroup ],  # Might not have a multiplication table 
-function( Q )
+    M -> ConstructorFromTable(M)( TransposedMat( CayleyTable( M ) ) )
-    if IsLoop( Q ) then
+);
-        return LoopByCayleyTable( TransposedMat( CayleyTable( Q ) ) );
-    fi;
-    return QuasigroupByCayleyTable( TransposedMat( CayleyTable( Q ) ) );
-end );
 
 #############################################################################
 ##  DISPLAYING QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS