feat: Implement Vector type (#28)

The Vector type is simply a generic type for built-in JavaScript Arrays. The parameter type is the type of all of the entries of the Array. The Vector type also supports inhomogeneous arrays by using the special type `Unknown` as the argument type, but note that when computing with inhomogeneous arrays, method dispatch must be performed separately for every entry in a calculation, making all operations considerably slower than on homogeneous Vector instances.

Note also that arithmetic operations on nested Vectors, e.g. `Vector(Vector(NumberT))` are defined so as to interpret such entities as ordinary matrices, represented in row-major format (i.e., the component `Vector(NumberT)` items of such an entity are the _rows_ of the matrix.

Reviewed-on: #28
Co-authored-by: Glen Whitney <glen@studioinfinity.org>
Co-committed-by: Glen Whitney <glen@studioinfinity.org>

src/number/__test__/arithmetic.spec.js

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import {ReturnTyping} from '#core/Type.js'
 describe('number arithmetic', () => {
    it('supports basic operations', () => {
       assert.strictEqual(math.abs(-Infinity), Infinity)
-      assert.strictEqual(math.absquare(-2), 4)
+      assert(isNaN(math.norm(NaN)))
+      assert.strictEqual(math.normsq(-2), 4)
       assert.strictEqual(math.add(2, 2), 4)
       assert.strictEqual(math.divide(6, 4), 1.5)
       assert.strictEqual(math.cbrt(-8), -2)